Overcharge and thermal destructive testing of lithium metal oxide and lithium metal phosphate batteries incorporating optical diagnostics

Mier, Frank Austin; Morales, Rudy; Coultas-McKenney, Caralyn A.; Hargather, Michael; Ostanek, Jason K.

doi:10.1016/j.est.2017.08.003

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The battery cap or sidewall can be protected from an uncontrolled rupture since the internal pressure is released in a controlled pathway. Not only gas but also the electrolyte and electrode material can be vented out through the releasing pathway [22]. The releasing pathway could be clogged if the battery undergoes thermal runaway and the vent opening area is insufficient.…”

Section: B Top Ventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection Devices in Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kong

Wen

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Lithium-ion batteries are wildly used as power sources for portable electronics because of the standardized format and economical manufacturing cost. However, commercial 18650 cells come in various designs due to the implementation of different protection devices. The current interrupt device and top vent are mandatory protection devices for all commercial 18650 Li-ion batteries. In contrast, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor, bottom vent, and protection circuit are optional protection devices that can be non-installed, installed separately, or combined in commercial 18650 batteries. Four representative commercial 18650 Li-ion batteries were disassembled and compared in terms of the similarities and differences of the protection devices. This paper overviews the working mechanism, advantages, and drawbacks of each protection device. Recommendations on battery selection and potential future trends are then provided.INDEX TERMS 18650 Lithium-ion batteries, positive temperature coefficient, current interrupt device, top vent, bottom vent, protection circuit.

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Section: B Top Ventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection Devices in Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kong

Wen

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…If the pressure reaches a critical point, the cell can rupture, releasing flammable gases and in some examples; projectiles at high speeds [14]. These gases have the potential to combine with oxygen in the air and form an explosive mixture.…”

Section: Thermal Runaway Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Runaway and Fire Suppression Applications for Different Types of Lithium Ion Batteries

Aydın

2021

Vehicles

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With the improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, safety is becoming increasingly urgent topic for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Short circuits, overcharging, high temperatures and overheating can cause thermal runaway reactions and the release of the flammable electrolyte which makes fire suppression very difficult. This study focuses on the mechanism of thermal runaway and fire suppression applications of LIBs. In order to understand this, 10 experiments were carried out. The experiments were divided into as Exp. A and Exp. B. A manual water suppression system was used in Exp. A and an automatic boron-based suppression system (AUT-BOR) was used in Exp. B. LIBs were heated in a controlled manner with a heat source and the effects of thermal runaway and fire suppression were observed. In Exp. A, a large amount of water was required to extinguish the LIB fires. The holes and slits which formed in the LIB after a fire were useful for injecting water. A projectile effect of cylindrical cells was observed in Exp. A. The Exp. B results showed that AUT-BOR mitigates risks effectively and safely. Also, AUT-BOR provides an early fire warning system and spot cooling to prevent thermal runaway reactions while localizing and suppressing the fire. In Exp. B, fire detection and suppression occurred without any explosion.

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“…9 To date, there have been few studies examining the impact of safety valves on cell safety. [10][11][12][13][14] According to Mier et al, 10 the venting process produced by the opening of a safety valve not only released gases, electrolytes, and solids, but also generated a shock wave. Ouyang et al 11 investigated the role of safety valves in the safety of 18 650-sized cells and found that without a safety valve, the cells showed a signicant deterioration in thermal runaway features, with ignition and thermal runaway occurring much earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%