Protection Devices in Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Xu, Bin; Kong, Lingxi; Wen, Guangrui; Pecht, Michael

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3075972

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The first results of experimental studies showed and confirmed the reliability of the structure of cylindrical 18650 LIPC due to the presence in the structure of the element of special protection against internal overheating of the element [16]. After applying current (17 A) to the LIPC, the internal temperature of the element increased to 80-104 °C.…”

Section: Experimental Studies To Determine the Critical Indicators Of...mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…This fact makes it impossible to disconnect the electric circuit in the event of an increase in the internal pressure of the element and leads to intensive burning of LIPCs. In particular, it was confirmed [16] that the standard protection of cylindrical LIPCs works in the range of 80-100 °C. However, it was established that the temperature indicators of the onset of an irreversible thermochem-ical reaction are somewhat different from those already known (90-130 °C) [6] and can vary between 100-150 °C, Fig.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Panasonic Ncr18650b Heating Process...mentioning

confidence: 74%

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Experimental evaluation of the influence of excessive electric current on the fire hazard of lithium-ion power cell

Lazarenko

Berezhanskyi

Pospolitak

et al. 2022

EEJET

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Panasonic NCR18650B (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) lithium-ion power cell (LIPC) and its performance after exposure to excess direct current are considered in this paper. The basic fire hazard indicators (element ignition temperature, flame temperature, element heating time, etc.) were experimentally established and mathematically confirmed for the examined LIPC. According to the results of experimental studies, the time of occurrence of an irreversible thermochemical reaction in a lithium-ion power cell was determined depending on the different DC current strengths. Additionally, the critical temperature of the onset of an irreversible thermochemical reaction and the total combustion temperature of the element have been established. The application of the Joule-Lenz and Fourier laws allowed for a mathematical notation of the dependence (influence) of DC strength over time and the heating of the element to a critical temperature. The heating time of Panasonic NCR18650B LIPC (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) to a critical temperature of 100–150 °C under the influence of excess current was experimentally established and mathematically confirmed. The determined critical indicators of the element (temperature, time, etc.) make it possible to further devise a number of necessary regulatory documents that will allow them to be certified, tested, and, in general, to better understand the dangers that they may pose. A mathematical model was built, which, taking into account the geometrical parameters of the element, makes it possible to calculate the onset of the critical temperature of such elements with excellent geometric parameters without conducting experimental studies

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Section: Experimental Studies To Determine the Critical Indicators Of...mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Panasonic Ncr18650b Heating Process...mentioning

confidence: 74%

Experimental evaluation of the influence of excessive electric current on the fire hazard of lithium-ion power cell

Lazarenko

Berezhanskyi

Pospolitak

et al. 2022

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…If the pressure still increases within the cell, the excess pressure is released in a controlled manner through vent holes in the top cover. Apart from the PTC and CID, some cells have additional protective devices such as bottom vents and external protective circuit boards …”

Section: Safety Of Counterfeit Lithium-ion Cells and Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the PTC and CID, some cells have additional protective devices such as bottom vents and external protective circuit boards. 18 At the battery level, safety mechanisms including the battery management system (BMS) are used to protect batteries against off-nominal conditions. Counterfeiters may lack the knowledge to design a proper BMS, or the cells in the battery may be improperly balanced.…”

Section: ■ Safety Of Counterfeit Lithium-ion Cells and Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Quality Issues of Counterfeit Lithium-Ion Cells

Joshi¹,

Azam

Juarez-Robles

et al. 2023

ACS Energy Lett.

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Lithium-ion batteries continue to transform consumer electronics, mobility, and energy storage sectors, and the applications and demands for batteries keep growing. Supply limitations and costs may lead to counterfeit cells in the supply chain that could affect quality, safety, and reliability of batteries. Our research included studies of counterfeit and low-quality lithium-ion cells, and our observations on the differences between these and original ones, as well as the significant safety implications, are discussed. The counterfeit cells did not include internal protective devices such as the positive temperature coefficient or current interrupt devices that typically offer protection against external short circuits and overcharge conditions, respectively, in cells from original manufacturers. Poor-quality materials and lack of engineering knowledge were also evident on analyses of the electrodes and separators from low-quality manufacturers. When the low-quality cells were subjected to off-nominal conditions, they experienced high temperature, electrolyte leakage, thermal runaway, and fire. In contrast, the authentic lithium-ion cells performed as expected. Recommendations are provided to identify and avoid counterfeit and low-quality lithium-ion cells and batteries.

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“…Such systems are widely implemented in cylindrical cells, but several applications in prismatic cells are also reported [10]. Another useful passive safety element present inside commercial cells is commonly known as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) device [11]. It is usually included into the top cap, between the positive terminal and the CID burst disk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mechanical and Chemical Sensors for Automotive Li-Ion Battery Systems

Rocca

Giuliano

Nicol

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The electrification of passenger cars is one of the most effective approaches to reduce noxious emissions in urban areas and, if the electricity is produced using renewable sources, to mitigate the global warming. This profound change of paradigm in the transport sector requires the use of Li-ion battery packages as energy storage systems to substitute conventional fossil fuels. An automotive battery package is a complex system that has to respect several constraints: high energy and power densities, long calendar and cycle lives, electrical and thermal safety, crash-worthiness, and recyclability. To comply with all these requirements, battery systems integrate a battery management system (BMS) connected to an complex network of electric and thermal sensors. On the other hand, since Li-ion cells can suffer from degradation phenomena with consequent generation of gaseous emissions or determine dimensional changes of the cell packaging, chemical and mechanical sensors should be integrated in modern automotive battery packages to guarantee the safe operation of the system. Mechanical and chemical sensors for automotive batteries require further developments to reach the requested robustness and reliability; in this review, an overview of the current state of art on such sensors will be proposed.

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Protection Devices in Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental evaluation of the influence of excessive electric current on the fire hazard of lithium-ion power cell

Experimental evaluation of the influence of excessive electric current on the fire hazard of lithium-ion power cell

Safety and Quality Issues of Counterfeit Lithium-Ion Cells

A Review of Mechanical and Chemical Sensors for Automotive Li-Ion Battery Systems

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