Ovarian cancer and occupational exposures in Finland

Vasama-Neuvonen, Kaisa; Pukkala, Eero; Paakkulainen, Harri; Mutanen, Pertti; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Boffetta, Paolo; Shen, Ningyan; Kauppinen, Timo; Vainio, Harri; Partanen, Timo

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1<83::aid-ajim12>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, in an earlier Finnish study, there were signs of an association between ovarian cancer and exposures to diesel exhaust, gasoline engine exhaust and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. 18 Applying more sophisticated analysis to the same data, the present study revealed a positive exposureresponse relation between ovarian cancer and diesel exhaust. Because of the high correlation between exposures to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (about 70% of the cases were exposed to both), we cannot exclude the possibility that the findings attributed to diesel exhaust may actually be attributed to gasoline engine exhaust-or any other factor correlated with diesel exhaust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The risk ratio (RR) was adjusted for well-known or potential cancer-specific confounding factors: socioeconomic status in the all 6 cancers; cigarette smoking in esophageal, kidney and bladder cancers; alcohol consumption in esophageal cancer; BMI in ovarian and kidney cancers; number of children in ovarian cancer; occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (including benzene, estimates that FINJEM does not contain) in leukemia. Because a weak positive association was suggested between ovarian cancer and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents in an earlier Finnish study, 18 we made an additional analysis for ovarian cancer with a model including also aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 After the IARC monograph (1989), elevated carcinogenic risks among workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust have been reported for respiratory cancers, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] hematolymphopoietic malignancies, 3,13,14 urothelial cancer (including bladder cancer), 3,8,[15][16][17] kidney cancer, 8 laryngeal cancer, 8 skin cancer, 8 liver cancer 8 and ovarian cancer. 18 A large Nordic cohort study showed that drivers had a slightly elevated risk of cancers of the lip, stomach, colon and rectum, larynx, lung, cervix uteri, kidney and bladder. 19 However, exposure-response relationships have rarely been reported, and in some studies the influence of other exposures could not be assessed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Guo

Kauppinen

Kyyrönen

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust has been classified as probably carcinogenic and that to gasoline engine exhaust as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Earlier results concerning cancers other than lung cancer are scarce and inconsistent, and exposure-response relations have seldom been reported. We followed up a cohort of all economically active Finns born between 1906 and 1945 for 30 million person-years during 1971-1995. Incident cases of esophageal cancer (n ‫؍‬ 2,198), ovarian cancer (5,082), testicular cancer (387), kidney cancer (7,366), bladder cancer (8,110) and leukemia (4,562) were identified through a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. Occupations from the population census in 1970 were converted to exposures to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts with a job-exposure matrix (FINJEM). Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated as product of prevalence, level and estimated duration of exposure. The relative risk (RR) of cancer for exposure categories in relation to the unexposed group was calculated using the Poisson regression model and adjusted for confounders. An increasing RR for ovarian cancer was observed with the increasing CE of diesel exhaust (p for trend ‫؍‬ 0.006). The RR in the highest CE category was 3.69 (95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.38 -9.86). For gasoline engine exhaust, the RR was significantly increased only in the middle CE category (1.70; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.11-2.62). Slight elevations of RR for bladder and kidney cancers were found at the lowest exposure level of engine exhausts, largely attributable to drivers. No effect of the exposures was observed for the other cancers. This study suggests an exposure-response relation between diesel exhaust and ovarian cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Guo

Kauppinen

Kyyrönen

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Previous studies have found significant associations with exposure to solvents in a wide range of industries and processes, for example, in rubber manufacturing and the printing industry (131). Hairdressing has also been linked to an excess risk of ovarian cancer (45,132), the suspected agent being some constituent of hair dyes. Furthermore, excess risks have been reported for occupational exposure to asbestos and, even more convincingly, to talc-containing asbestiform fibers (130).…”

Section: Criteria Used For Selecting the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

257

202

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Objectives This study attempts to estimate the proportion of annual deaths related to occupational factors in Finland and considers related methodological issues and associated uncertainties.Methods Statistics on causes of death, numbers of subjects exposed, and risk ratios obtained from the epidemiologic literature were used to estimate the population attributable fraction and disease burden for causes of death from work-related diseases. Gender-, age-and disease-specific numbers of deaths were provided by Statistics Finland for 1996. Information on the size of the population, broken down by gender, age, occupation, and industry, was acquired from population censuses. A Finnish job-exposure matrix supplied data on the prevalence of exposure for specific agents and the level of exposure among exposed workers. ResultsThe attributable fraction of work-related mortality in the relevant disease and age categories was estimated to be 7% (10% for men and 2% for women), and for all diseases and ages the fraction was 4%. For the main cause-of-death categories, the attributable fraction became 12% for circulatory system diseases, 8% for malignant neoplasms, 4% for respiratory system diseases, 4% for mental disorders, 3% for nervous system diseases, and 3% for accidents and violence. The following estimates were obtained for specific important diseases: 24% for lung cancer, 17% for ischemic heart disease, 12% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 11% for stroke. Based on these fractions, the total number of work-related deaths that occurred in Finland in 1996 was calculated to be on the order of 1800 (employed work force of 2.1 million); 86% involved men.Conclusions High-quality epidemiologic studies and national survey data are essential for obtaining reliable estimates of the proportion of deaths attributable to occupational factors. The magnitude of work-related mortality is an insufficiently recognized contributor to total mortality in Finland, especially from circulatory diseases and other diseases caused by exposure to agents other than asbestos.Key terms attributable fraction, burden of disease, epidemiologic methods, health statistics, occupational exposure. Global estimates of the burden of disease due to occupational factors have been calculated through the application of Finnish rates of registered work-related diseases (1). The approach is subject to the following two fundamental uncertainties: (i) the validity of the data on disease incidence from the national reporting scheme and (ii) the validity of worldwide extrapolations to different regions with different exposure circumstances. With the exception of studies using workers' compensation records, only a few research projects have estimated the magnitude of morbidity or mortality induced by exposure to hazardous agents or stress factors in the work environment at a state or national level. The investigations conducted in this area have covered New York State (2), the whole of the United States (3), Canada (4), and Australia (5). Given the lack of ...

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“…www.e-shaw.org methods, did not find increased risks of ovarian cancer incidence or mortality with exposure to ionizing radiation or with the occupation of radiologic technician [51,72,77,82]. In summary, if occupational exposures to X-radiation or γ-radiation do confer an increased risk of ovarian cancer, their overall impact is likely to be limited compared to other risk factors.…”

Section: X-radiation and γ-Radiationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Malignant Tumors of the Female Reproductive System

Weiderpass

Labrèche

2014

Occupational Cancers

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This review summarizes the epidemiology of cancer of the female reproductive system and associated lifestyle factors. It also assesses the available evidence for occupational factors associated with these cancers. Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers are relatively common, and cause significant cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, whereas vulvar, vaginal, fallopian tube cancers, and choriocarcinomas are very rare. As several lifestyle factors are known to play a major role in the etiology of these cancers, very few published studies have investigated possible relationships with occupational factors. Some occupational exposures have been associated with increased risks of these cancers, but apart from the available evidence on the relationships between asbestos fibers and ovarian cancer, and tetrachloroethylene and cervical cancer, the data is rather scarce. Given the multifactorial nature of cancers of the female reproductive system, it is of the utmost importance to conduct occupational studies that will gather detailed data on potential individual confounding factors, in particular reproductive history and other factors that influence the body's hormonal environment, together with information on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors, including physical activity from multiple sources. Studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the female reproductive organs are also needed in order to elucidate the possible role of chemical exposures in the development of these cancers.

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Ovarian cancer and occupational exposures in Finland

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Malignant Tumors of the Female Reproductive System

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