Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Guo, Johannes; Kauppinen, Timo; Kyyrönen, Pentti; Heikkilä, Pirjo; Lindbohm, Marja-Liisa; Pukkala, Eero

doi:10.1002/ijc.20263

Cited by 87 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…also been associated with AML in earlier studies [144], but it is hard to observe any effects of these factors from the present results. Drivers and sales agents, who had significantly elevated SIRs for AML in the present study have also been previously reported to have a somewhat elevated risk of AML [143,145].…”

Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 69%

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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We present up to 45 years of cancer incidence data by occupational category for the Nordic populations. The study covers the 15 million people aged 30Á64 years in the 1960, 1970, 1980/1981 and/or 1990 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and the 2.8 million incident cancer cases diagnosed in these people in a follow-up until about 2005. The study was undertaken as a cohort study with linkage of individual records based on the personal identity codes used in all the Nordic countries.In the censuses, information on occupation for each person was provided through free text in self-administered questionnaires. The data were centrally coded and computerised in the statistical offices. For the present study, the original occupational codes were reclassified into 53 occupational categories and one group of economically inactive persons.All Nordic countries have a nation-wide registration of incident cancer cases during the entire study period. For the present study the incident cancer cases were classified into 49 primary diagnostic categories. Some categories have been further divided according to sub-site or morphological type. The observed number of cancer cases in each group of persons defined by country, sex, age, period and occupation was compared with the expected number calculated from the stratum specific person years and the incidence rates for the national population. The result was presented as a standardised incidence ratio, SIR, defined as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number. For all cancers combined (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), the study showed a wide variation among men from an SIR of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.66Á0.95) in domestic assistants to 1.48 (1.43Á1.54) in waiters. The occupations with the highest SIRs also included workers producing beverage and tobacco, seamen and chimney sweeps. Among women, the SIRs varied from 0.58 (0.37Á0.87) in seafarers to 1.27 (1.19Á1.35) in tobacco workers. Low SIRs were found for farmers, gardeners and teachers.Our study was able to repeat most of the confirmed associations between occupations and cancers. It is known that almost all mesotheliomas are associated with asbestos exposure. Accordingly, plumbers, seamen and mechanics were the occupations with the highest risk in the present study. Mesothelioma was the cancer type showing the largest relative differences between the occupations. Outdoor workers such as fishermen, gardeners and farmers had the highest risk of lip cancer, while the lowest risk was found among indoor workers such as physicians and artistic workers.Studies of nasal cancer have shown increased risks associated with exposure to wood dust, both for those in furniture making and for those exposed exclusively to soft wood like the majority of Nordic woodworkers. We observed an SIR of 1.84 (1.66Á2.04) in male and 1.88 (0.90Á3.46) in female woodworkers. For nasal adenocarcinoma, the SIR in males was as high as 5.50 (4.60Á6.56).Male waiters and tobacco workers had the highest risk of ...

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Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 69%

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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“…The original studies established a positive dose-response relationship between exposure to diesel engine exhaust and ovarian cancer. A Finnish study (Guo J, et al, 2004) has reported that the increased relative risk was driven by a cohort of workers exposed to grease on car components. These studies may need careful consideration about the use of gender specific risk estimates.…”

Section: Ovarian Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation and cancer in Britain

et al. 2010

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Background: Prioritising control measures for occupationally related cancers should be evidence based. We estimated the current burden of cancer in Britain attributable to past occupational exposures for International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) group 1 (established) and 2A (probable) carcinogens. Methods: We calculated attributable fractions and numbers for cancer mortality and incidence using risk estimates from the literature and national data sources to estimate proportions exposed. Results: 5.3% (8019) cancer deaths were attributable to occupation in 2005 (men, 8.2% (6362); women, 2.3% (1657)). Attributable incidence estimates are 13 679 (4.0%) cancer registrations (men, 10 063 (5.7%); women, 3616 (2.2%)). Occupational attributable fractions are over 2% for mesothelioma, sinonasal, lung, nasopharynx, breast, non-melanoma skin cancer, bladder, oesophagus, soft tissue sarcoma, larynx and stomach cancers. Asbestos, shift work, mineral oils, solar radiation, silica, diesel engine exhaust, coal tars and pitches, occupation as a painter or welder, dioxins, environmental tobacco smoke, radon, tetrachloroethylene, arsenic and strong inorganic mists each contribute 100 or more registrations. Industries and occupations with high cancer registrations include construction, metal working, personal and household services, mining, land transport, printing/publishing, retail/hotels/restaurants, public administration/defence, farming and several manufacturing sectors. 56% of cancer registrations in men are attributable to work in the construction industry (mainly mesotheliomas, lung, stomach, bladder and non-melanoma skin cancers) and 54% of cancer registrations in women are attributable to shift work (breast cancer). Conclusion: This project is the first to quantify in detail the burden of cancer and mortality due to occupation specifically for Britain. It highlights the impact of occupational exposures, together with the occupational circumstances and industrial areas where exposures to carcinogenic agents occurred in the past, on population cancer morbidity and mortality; this can be compared with the impact of other causes of cancer. Risk reduction strategies should focus on those workplaces where such exposures are still occurring.

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“…Most of the study areas were large cities and the surrounding suburban or rural communities, as specified in the online appendix (pp. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A pooled analysis of all cohort data was not possible due to data-transfer and privacy issues but data from the four Stockholm cohorts (SNAC-K, SALT, 60-y/IMPROVE and SDPP) were pooled, and analysed and denoted as one Similarly, data from the two cohorts from the Netherlands (EPIC-MORGEN and EPIC-PROSPECT) were pooled, analysed and denoted as one [EPIC-NL].…”

Section: Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts

Raaschou-Nielsen

Pedersen

Stafoggia

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutants, although not consistently. It was the aim to investigate possible associations between outdoor air pollution at the residence and the incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer in the general population. We used data from 14 European cohorts from the ESCAPE study. We geocoded and assessed air pollution concentrations at baseline addresses by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM2.5 absorbance (soot)) and nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx), and collected data on traffic. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs). The 289,002 cohort members contributed 4,111,908 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 14.2 years) 697 incident cancers of the kidney parenchyma were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed higher HRs in association with higher PM concentration, e.g. HR = 1.57 (95%CI: 0.81–3.01) per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5 and HR = 1.36 (95%CI: 0.84–2.19) per 10−5m−1 PM2.5 absorbance, albeit never statistically significant. The HRs in association with nitrogen oxides and traffic density on the nearest street were slightly above one. Sensitivity analyses among participants who did not change residence during follow-up showed stronger associations, but none were statistically significant. Our study provides suggestive evidence that exposure to outdoor PM at the residence may be associated with higher risk for kidney parenchyma cancer; the results should be interpreted cautiously as associations may be due to chance

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Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

Occupation and cancer in Britain

Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts

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