Outgroup threat and the emergence of cohesive groups: A cross-cultural examination

Lang, Martin; Xygalatas, Dimitris; Kavanagh, Christopher; Boccardi, Natalia Andrea Cracciun; Halberstadt, Jamin; Jackson, Chris; Martínez, Mercedes; Reddish, Paul; Tong, Eddie M. W.; Vázquez, Alexandra; Whitehouse, Harvey; Yamamoto, Maria Emília; Yuki, Masaki; Gómez, Ángel

doi:10.1177/13684302211016961

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Additionally, research on outgroup threat and the emergence of cohesive groups through subtle behavioral cues offers insights into the social dynamics that can be modeled in rodents. Understanding how these cues influence group behavior and stress responses can inform addiction research [114].…”

Section: Study Microaggressions Through Subtle Threat Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Species and Disciplines: Incorporating Sociological Frameworks into Animal Models of Addiction

Fields

2024

Multidisciplinary Approach for Better Understanding of Addictive Behaviour [Working Title]

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This chapter explores the integration of sociological concepts and frameworks into animal models of addictive behaviors, aiming to enhance cross-species validity and deepen understanding of addiction’s multifaceted biopsychosocial roots. Through an interdisciplinary approach merging sociology and behavioral neuroscience, the investigation examines how experiences of discrimination and constrained agency may contribute to addiction vulnerability. Specifically, chronic social defeat stress’s impact on drug-seeking behaviors is explored, drawing parallels between rodent models and human experiences of racial battle fatigue resulting from daily racial microaggressions. The chapter also delves into how lack of autonomy, social isolation, and perceived loss of control due to discrimination may precipitate substance use as a coping mechanism. Additionally, the influence of social hierarchies, bonding patterns, and intergenerational epigenetic effects on resilience versus susceptibility to addiction is considered. Current methodologies are critically evaluated, with a proposal to enhance ecological validity in animal experiments to better simulate nuanced sociocultural stressors associated with addiction risk. Emphasizing the urgent need for cross-disciplinary collaborations between rodent researchers and social scientists, the chapter advocates for the incorporation of relevant sociological concepts into behavioral assays. Ultimately, the integration of diverse perspectives is crucial for comprehensively addressing the psychosocial and neurobiological dynamics underlying addiction across mammalian species and for developing more effective and equitable prevention and treatment approaches.

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Section: Study Microaggressions Through Subtle Threat Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Species and Disciplines: Incorporating Sociological Frameworks into Animal Models of Addiction

Fields

2024

Multidisciplinary Approach for Better Understanding of Addictive Behaviour [Working Title]

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“…Evolutionary models suggest that threat creates a common enemy and elicits group cohesion for threat resolution (Brooks et al, 2021). An emergency can drive human motivation for engagement in cooperation and increase public-good contributions to the ingroup (Francois et al, 2018; Lang et al, 2022; Majolo and Maréchal, 2017). Johnson et al (2015) found that threat is associated with a greater level of emergency management planning collaboration.…”

Section: Social Capital As An Instrument To Tackle the Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between food insecurity and social capital under the lockdowns in COVID-hit Shanghai

Zhai

Han

2023

Urban Studies

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As an emergency, food insecurity threatens people’s well-being, while social capital is expected to enhance their resilience in this situation. This study examined the relationship between food insecurity and social capital during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Shanghai. We collected a dataset of 1064 participants by random sampling. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the dynamics of social capital before and after lockdowns. The results show that the level of post-lockdown social capital was higher than that of pre-lockdown social capital. Pre-lockdown social capital predicted the extent to which people suffered from food insecurity and their approaches to obtaining food. Participation in group purchases and food exchange with other residents predicted the levels of post-lockdown social capital. The results shed light on the interaction between emergencies and social capital. Our study theoretically contributes to understanding social capital through a dynamic perspective.

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“…Broad ethnographic, historical (Gelfand, 2019;Gelfand et al, 2011) and experimental evidence (Lang et al, 2021) suggests that threats increase the need for affiliation, cooperative behaviour and in-group fairness. It has been argued that intergroup conflict was a constant evolutionary force that shaped human social psychology towards evolved dispositions that increased parochialism when under out-group threat (Bowles, 2008(Bowles, , 2009Whitehouse et al, 2017).…”

Section: Out-group Threat and The Ethos Of Dissentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Group Selection and the Russian Old Believers. Adaptive and Maladaptive Outcomes of the Group-Cohesive Effects of Religion

Bahna¹

2022

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Current adaptationist approaches view religion as a system of beliefs, behaviours, social norms, taboos and collective rituals, which enforce social cohesion and intragroup solidarity that lead to group cooperation and coordination. These prosocial effects then translate into success in between-group competition. Cultural group selection is seen as the process that led to the emergence of religion as a cultural adaptation that enables the persistence of cooperative social groups. This article applies this theoretical approach to the so-called Old Believers: a diverse and fractioned branch of Russian Orthodox Christianity, whose history is marked by apocalyptic worldviews and antagonism towards state powers and the Russian Orthodox Church. Since their split with the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17 th century, the Old Believers evolved towards egalitarian communities, asceticism, isolationism and traditionalism. The author argues that Old Believers can be in many respects viewed as prototypic examples of how religious systems promote social cohesion, in-group solidarity, identity and commitment. Yet, contrary to what the theory assumes (or at least emphasizes), the very same collective rituals, social norms, supernatural beliefs and taboos, and their systemic interdependence, can lead to group harmful outcomes (e.g., splintering, excessive celibacy, mass suicide). In other words, high levels of in-group prosociality linked to religion cannot be simply viewed as exclusively mediating group benefits.

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Outgroup threat and the emergence of cohesive groups: A cross-cultural examination

Cited by 5 publications

References 79 publications

Bridging Species and Disciplines: Incorporating Sociological Frameworks into Animal Models of Addiction

Bridging Species and Disciplines: Incorporating Sociological Frameworks into Animal Models of Addiction

The association between food insecurity and social capital under the lockdowns in COVID-hit Shanghai

Cultural Group Selection and the Russian Old Believers. Adaptive and Maladaptive Outcomes of the Group-Cohesive Effects of Religion

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