Outbreak Investigation and Response Training

Lescano, Andrés G.; Salmón-Mulanovich, Gabriela; Pedroni, Elena; Blazes, David L.

doi:10.1126/science.1146837

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We obtained information from 16 countries (Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago) about epidemiological training, funding for research projects, presence of epidemiological societies and conferences held in epidemiology. Although there are many ongoing initiatives related to hands-on epidemiology training, most of them linked to outbreak response, 65 the focus of the survey was on training at the postgraduate level.…”

Section: Epidemiological Training and Research Capacity In Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: current situation and challenges

Barreto

Miranda

Figueroa

et al. 2012

International Journal of Epidemiology

167

151

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Background This article analyses the epidemiological research developments in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It integrates the series commissioned by the International Epidemiological Association to all WHO Regions to identify global opportunities to promote the development of epidemiology. Methods Health situations of the regions were analysed based on published data on selected mortality, morbidity and risk factors. Epidemiological publication output by country was estimated by Medline bibliometrics. Internet and literature searches and data provided by key informants were used to describe perspectives on epidemiological training, research and funding. Findings Despite important advances in recent decades, LAC remains the world's most unequal region. In 2010, 10% of the LAC's people still lived in conditions of multidimensional poverty, with huge variation among countries. The region has experienced fast and complex epidemiological changes in past decades, combining increasing rates of non-communicable diseases and injuries, and keeping uncontrolled many existing endemic and emerging diseases. Overall, epidemiological publications per year increased from 160 articles between 1961 and 1970 to 2492 between 2001 and 2010. The increase in papers per million inhabitants in the past three decades varied from 57% in Panama to 1339% in Paraguay. Universities are the main epidemiological training providers. There are at least 34 universities and other institutions in the region that offer postgraduate programmes at the master’s and doctoral levels in epidemiology or public health. Most LAC countries rely largely on external funding and donors to initiate and sustain long-term research efforts. Despite the limited resources, the critical mass of LAC researchers has produced significant scientific contributions. Future needs The health research panorama of the region shows enormous regional discrepancies, but great prospects. Improving research and human resources capacity in the region will require establishing research partnerships within and outside the region, between rich and poor countries, promoting collaborations between LAC research institutions and universities to boost postgraduate programmes and aligning research investments and outputs with the current burden of disease.

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Section: Epidemiological Training and Research Capacity In Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas Brazil, Cuba and other few countries have well established local support for science, as demonstrated by the scope of training provided, the majority of LAC countries rely largely on external funding and donors to initiate and sustain long-term research efforts 58 , 65 , 68 …”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: current situation and challenges

Barreto

Miranda

Figueroa

et al. 2012

International Journal of Epidemiology

167

151

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“…This is well-observed between 1986 and 2004 in Guatemala, where declining API would give an impression of decreasing malaria, although increasing SPR points to the problems of decreases in diagnosis and treatment coverage and associated surveillance quality. National surveillance systems and coverage of the national malaria programs have improved over the past 50 years in the endemic countries of the Americas 54,55. Countries of the Americas have moved from reporting of malaria cases as aggregate data to nominal case reporting, thereby decreasing the chances of duplication of data and improving the quality of data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in the Americas: Trends from 1959 to 2011

Carter¹,

Singh²,

Mújica³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Malaria has declined in recent years in countries of the American continents. In 2011, 12 of 21 endemic countries had already met their 2015 Millennium Development Goal. However, this declining trend has not been adequately evaluated. An analysis of the number of cases per 100,000 people (annual parasite index [API]) and the percentage of positive blood slides (slide positivity rate [SPR]) during the period of 1959–2011 in 21 endemic countries was done using the joinpoint regression methodology. During 1960–1979, API and SPR increased significantly and peaked in the 1980s. Since the 1990s, there have been significant declining trends in both API and SPR. Additionally, both Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum species-specific incidence have declined. With the exception of two countries, such a collectively declining malaria trend was not observed in previous decades. This presents a unique opportunity for the Americas to seriously consider malaria elimination as a final goal.

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“…[11][12][13][14][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Last, the DoD-GEIS network has supported the training of thousands of host-country scientists, epidemiologists, physicians, and laboratorians while simultaneously investing in physical laboratory capacity to extend the return on the local training. 52,53 Looking forward, DoD-GEIS expects the five DoD overseas laboratories discussed herein to continue in their current roles, conducting infectious disease surveillance of value to their various stakeholders and serving as health ambassadors around the globe. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Infectious Disease Surveillance at DoD Overseas Laboratories, 1999–2007

Sueker

Chrétien²,

Gaydos³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) conducted a review in 2008 of projects funded by DoD-GEIS at five partner overseas laboratories from 1999 through 2007. During this period, the annual overseas programming budget grew from US$1.038 million to US$21 million. The review describes the distribution of project priorities and geographic locations over the years, the types of outcomes the projects generated, and the frequency with which they involved collaboration with other public health agencies and organizations, including CDC and WHO. Areas for further program strengthening are identified.

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Outbreak Investigation and Response Training

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: current situation and challenges

Epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: current situation and challenges

Malaria in the Americas: Trends from 1959 to 2011

Global Infectious Disease Surveillance at DoD Overseas Laboratories, 1999–2007

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