“…The need to conduct tests under more realistic hedging conditions prompted several researchers to examine least-risk hedge ratios and hedging performance for currency futures hedging and cross-hedging on an ex ante basis (e.g., Marmer 1986;Grant 1987, 1989;Park, Lee and Lee 1987;Lypny 1988;Braga, Martin and Meilke 1989;Braga and Martin 1990;Malliaris and Urrutia 1991;Benet 1990aBenet , 1990bBenet , 1992. The results reported by Grant (1987, 1989) and Benet (1990aBenet ( , 1990bBenet ( , 1992 showed a significant difference between ex post and ex ante hedging effectiveness measures.…”