“…7 Cheung, Kwan and Yip Hedging Effectiveness, Extended Mean Gini Jennings (1987), Malliaris and Urrutia (1991), Lindahl (1992), Holmes (1996) and Butterworth and Holmes (2000). In addition, the MV approach has been used to examine hedging effectiveness for other asset types such as currency futures (see, for example, Malliaris and Urrutia [1991] and Demaskey [1997]). The mean-variance framework has also been employed to investigate international home bias in the presence of foreign exchange hedging (see Gorman and Jorgensen [2002]) and the construction of optimal portfolios of real assets (including stock indexes) and currency futures used to hedge exchange rate risk (see Adcock [2003]).…”