OTA methods for 5G BTS testing — Survey of potential approaches

Gustafsson, Mattias; Jämsä, Tommi; Högberg, Mats

doi:10.23919/ursigass.2017.8105369

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…directly via searching the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and delay space. As explained, (6) checks only the orthogonality between the steering vectors and noise spaces, and, hence, power estimates are inconsistent with the true power. Next, we explain how to retrieve the consistent power estimate based on the angle and delay estimates obtained in (6).…”

Section: Jade Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking L 1 = l as an extreme case, we will obtain only the angle estimates with low computation complexity, while the delay estimates will not be available due to a single selected frequency point. The algorithm complexity will scale up significantly due to the large matrix dimension of the correlation matrix R in ( 5) and 3D brute-force search in the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and delay domain in (6).…”

Section: Jade Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be then obtained from the peaks for the power delay profile. Compared to the JADE algorithm, the two-stage sequential method can significantly reduce the computation complexity due to the reduced size of R in (13) compared to R in (5) and the 2D (i.e., elevation and azimuth angles) search in ( 14) compared to the 3D search in (6).…”

Section: Sequential 1d Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The joint-angle delay power profile can be calculated from (6). The power spectrum peaks at , 90c i = meaning that the elevation angle estimate is .…”

Section: Jadementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both massive multipleinput, multiple-output (MIMO) technology and the use of frequencies in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) range are considered essential to addressing these challenges in the upcoming 5G systems. Radiated OTA testing [i.e., testing without the device under test (DUT) physically connected to the test equipment] has been seen as inevitable for 5G antenna systems [1]- [6]. The 5G antenna systems will be large scale, beam steerable, highly compact, and integrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Over-the-Air Testing of 5G Communication Systems: Validation of the Test Environment in Simple-Sectored Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups

Fan

Zhang

Wang

2021

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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XXXXXO ver-the-air (OTA) radiated testing is seen as inevitable for 5G antenna systems. The simple-sectored multiprobe anechoic chamber (SS-MPAC) setup is a potential testing candidate for the evaluation of 5G antenna systems under real-world propagation conditions. Validation of emulated channel models in the practical SS-MPAC setup is essential, since it is important to ensure that the target channel models are correctly emulated. Our objective is to detect the joint-angle delay power profile of the reproduced channels in the SS-MPAC setup. In this article, we discuss two joint-angle delay estimation (JADE) algorithms: 1) an existing algorithm with high computation complexity as the reference method and 2) a novel, low-cost, sequential, 1D algorithm. Both numerical simulations and experimental verification measurements in a preliminary SS-MPAC setup are provided to validate the two discussed algorithms. The proposed sequential 1D search method is demonstrated to be highly accurate and effective and, therefore, is recommended for validation measurements in SS-MPAC setups. Measurement setup and procedures for test-environment validation are considered as well. SS-MPAC SETUPThe demand for ubiquitous, reliable, and high-speed wireless connectivity has been steadily growing. Both massive multipleinput, multiple-output (MIMO) technology and the use of frequencies in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) range are considered essential to addressing these challenges in the upcoming 5G systems. Radiated OTA testing [i.e., testing without the device under test (DUT) physically connected to the test equipment] has been seen as inevitable for 5G antenna systems [1]- [6]. The 5G antenna systems will be large scale, beam steerable, highly compact, and integrated. It is expected that antennas will be integrated into radio-frequency (RF) transceiver circuits, that is, with no place to probe or put connections. As a result, it will be impractical to use traditional RF connectors between the radio circuit and the antenna due to the integrated design, creating the need for OTA radiated testing.It is important to test DUT performance in real-world propagation scenarios in the laboratory, where the DUT's end-to-end performance (including both radio and baseband parts) can be thoroughly evaluated [7], [8]. The MPAC method has been adopted in the standards for OTA performance testing of 4G LTE terminals due to its ability to test off-the-shelf DUTs, for which all critical parts of the design are evaluated at once [9]- [11]. The MPAC method offers a realistic test condition in which the device can operate normally with the help of a radio channel Validation of the test environment in simple-sectored multiprobe anechoic chamber setups.

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Section: Jade Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jade Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sequential 1d Search Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The joint-angle delay power profile can be calculated from (6). The power spectrum peaks at , 90c i = meaning that the elevation angle estimate is .…”

Section: Jadementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Over-the-Air Testing of 5G Communication Systems: Validation of the Test Environment in Simple-Sectored Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups

Fan

Zhang

Wang

2021

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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Angular Sampling, Test Signal, and Near-Field Aspects for Over-The-Air Total Radiated Power Assessment in Anechoic Chambers

2018

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5th Generation Mobile Network Systems (5G systems) operating in milli-meter Wave (mmW) bands will employ base stations with integrated Active Antenna Systems (AASs) capable of beam-tracking using narrow beams obtained from array antennas encapsulated in a chip-like device. Regulatory limits for unwanted Radio Frequency (RF) emissions are currently set in terms of Total Radiated Power (TRP). As measurements at the antenna connectors are not possible, Over-The-Air (OTA) methods for TRP of unwanted emissions are needed. The method investigated here uses power density measurements on a spherical surface in an anechoic chamber. Two major challenges with such a method are: need for large number of angular points, and search for worst case antenna configuration per frequency for electrically large devices at high frequencies. These challenges are addressed by investigating the impact of correlation, sparse sampling, and use of beam sweeping on the TRP estimate. Finally, it is investigated how and in which spatial regions near-field tangential electric field measurements can be used to assess TRP.

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A Virtual Over-the-Air Method for 5G Massive MIMO Base Station Testing With Flexible Virtual Probes

Gao

Wang

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is known as a large-scale antenna technology and has been enabled for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems. The over-the-air (OTA) testing of massive MIMO antenna system has attracted a lot of attention in terms of evaluating the radio performance of a 5G base station (BS). As a promising OTA test methodology, the sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setup is employed for the performance testing of massive MIMO BS. However, the system cost and installation are still an issue to be considered in practice (e.g., the anechoic chamber and multiple probes), though it can accurately reconstruct the flexible propagation channels by channel emulation methods. This paper proposes a virtual OTA test framework for the performance testing of massive MIMO BS on the basis of MPAC setups. As an alternative, the proposed virtual OTA test system adopting the concept of virtual probes solves the inconveniences and limitations of the actual probe installation in MPAC setups. The BS array responses to the actual probes of MPAC setups are generated in a phase matrix for the virtual probes. First, in this paper, the system description of virtual OTA testing is given. Then, the emulation method of spatial clusters is presented for the virtual OTA testing. Finally, simulations are performed with good channel emulation accuracy. INDEX TERMSMassive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testing, multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), channel emulation, virtual over-the-air (OTA) testing, virtual probes.

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OTA methods for 5G BTS testing — Survey of potential approaches

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Over-the-Air Testing of 5G Communication Systems: Validation of the Test Environment in Simple-Sectored Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups

Over-the-Air Testing of 5G Communication Systems: Validation of the Test Environment in Simple-Sectored Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups

Angular Sampling, Test Signal, and Near-Field Aspects for Over-The-Air Total Radiated Power Assessment in Anechoic Chambers

A Virtual Over-the-Air Method for 5G Massive MIMO Base Station Testing With Flexible Virtual Probes

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