A Virtual Over-the-Air Method for 5G Massive MIMO Base Station Testing With Flexible Virtual Probes

Gao, Huaqiang; Wang, Weimin; Wu, Yongle; Liu, Yuanan; Pedersen, Gert Frølund

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931435

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…By adding the phase shifter matrix, we can significantly reduce the required CE resources, while achieving the same purpose. On the other hand, for testing at millimeter wave band where the antenna connectors are not accessible or sub-6GHz bands where we have integrated RF transceiver design, the wireless cable method can be considered to enable the function of RF cable in a radiated manner [35]. In the ideal case, the wireless cable between the nth output of the phase matrix and the nth DUT antenna can be enabled without any cross-talking, as if the phase matrix and the DUT are directly connected [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 shows the equivalent diagram, which follows analogy with the MPAC setup, but this method will not suffer from the limitations of probe spacing, probe panel coverage, and DUT mechanical rotation in MPAC. On the other hand, the phase matrix could easily realize not only the function of probe switching but also the far-field array responses [35], which is important for beamforming testing [15]. Compared to the conventional conductive setup, the number of the required physical CE ports can be reduced from N to K, using the conductive phase matrix setup.…”

Section: Conductive Phase Matrix Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16], the virtual probes are determined in the directions of the two strongest clusters of the target channel. In [35], the SAM algorithm in the MPAC is embedded into the virtual setup: i.e. to allocate the probes to the directions of clusters, in order of power.…”

Section: Virtual Probe Configuration a State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On Efficient Non-Stationary Channel Emulation in Conductive Phase Matrix Setup for Massive MIMO Performance Testing

Wang

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as a critical technique in 5G New Radio (NR), due to its capability to significantly improve data rate and link reliability for the radio link. To make it a reality, it is essential to evaluate massive MIMO performance in realistic spatial fading channel conditions. Specifically, dynamic spatial channel emulation is crucial to evaluate the massive MIMO beam operations. Due to the high cost associated with both the traditional conduced testing method and the standardized multiprobe anechoic chamber (MPAC) based Over-the-Air (OTA) testing setup for massive MIMO performance testing, fading channel emulation for massive MIMO testing using a conductive phase matrix setup has been proposed in the literature. However, it is still a challenging problem to emulate dynamic spatial channels in a cost-effective and efficient manner for the conductive phase matrix setup, since traditional algorithms suffer from high computational complexity and system cost. This paper proposes a fast and accurate framework to emulate dynamic spatial channels in the phase matrix setup, where the basic idea is to mimic a virtual MPAC setup. By doing so, we can mimic MPAC setup with flexible probe configurations. Furthermore, a novel successive cancellation strategy and a closed-form algorithm are proposed to determine the probe locations and probe weights, respectively, which can significantly reduce the computational complexity associated with dynamic channel emulation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is highly accurate and computationally efficient, compared to state-of-art solutions. Further, we apply our developed algorithm to emulate measured non-stationary channels and excellent emulation accuracy can be achieved. The proposed method can be employed for emulating dynamic spatial channels, which is of great importance for

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conductive Phase Matrix Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Efficient Non-Stationary Channel Emulation in Conductive Phase Matrix Setup for Massive MIMO Performance Testing

Wang

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equipped with a great number of antenna elements is one of the key technologies in the fifth generation (5G) communication system and will continue to play a vital role in the future communication system [1]. The massive MIMO system could typically have up to hundreds of antennas in one base station (BS) [2,3]. However, the cost and the power consumption caused by the radio frequency (RF) chains connected to each antenna element become extremely high as the array size becomes larger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of subarray‐structured base station antennas in a compact setup based on solving linear equations

Li,

Zhang,

Fan

2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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Since the total number of the antenna elements can be up to hundreds in a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system, subarray‐structured base station (BS) array configurations are widely adopted to achieve a good cell coverage and to reduce the required number of radio frequency chains at the same time. It is crucial for any BS product to ensure that the antenna elements perform correctly as expected. Therefore, the necessity of array diagnosis is evident, especially for large BS arrays. Furthermore, it is essential that the diagnosis can be achieved in a compact and cost‐effective setup with high measurement efficiency (i.e. only a few measurement samples are required). The principle of the diagnosis method presented in this article is to obtain the S‐parameters between the subarrays and the probe via solving linear equations. In the simulation, a BS array composed of 16 subarrays with each containing 3 elements is used to validate the diagnosis method at 3.5 GHz. An array composed of 4 subarrays with each containing 3 elements was used in the measurements to verify the diagnosis method with two different phase tuning matrices at 3 GHz. Successful diagnosis results have been achieved in both the simulations and the measurements.

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“…A proper OTA testing method for massive MIMO antennas is required to accelerate the development and optimization of the antenna [ 12 ]. As many massive MIMO BS antennas have been developed, radiating evaluation methods for massive MIMO BS antennas using fading emulators have also been investigated [ 13 , 14 ]. Many BS antennas comprise a two-dimensional planar array antenna with a number of patch antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-the-Air Testing of a Massive MIMO Antenna with a Full-Rank Channel Matrix

Honda

2022

Sensors

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This paper presents an over-the-air testing method in which a full-rank channel matrix is created for a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system utilizing a fading emulator with a small number of scatterers. In the proposed method, in order to mimic a fading emulator with a large number of scatterers, the scatterers are virtually positioned by rotating the massive MIMO antenna. The performance of a 64-element quasi-half-wavelength dipole circular array antenna was evaluated using a two-dimensional fading emulator. The experimental results reveal that a large number of available eigenvalues are obtained from the channel response matrix, confirming that the proposed method, which utilizes a full-rank channel matrix, can be used to assess a massive MIMO antenna system.

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A Virtual Over-the-Air Method for 5G Massive MIMO Base Station Testing With Flexible Virtual Probes

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

On Efficient Non-Stationary Channel Emulation in Conductive Phase Matrix Setup for Massive MIMO Performance Testing

On Efficient Non-Stationary Channel Emulation in Conductive Phase Matrix Setup for Massive MIMO Performance Testing

Diagnosis of subarray‐structured base station antennas in a compact setup based on solving linear equations

Over-the-Air Testing of a Massive MIMO Antenna with a Full-Rank Channel Matrix

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