Osteometrical and CT Examination of the Japanese Wolf Skull.

Endo, Hideki; Obara, Iwao; Yoshida, Tomohiro; Kurohmaru, Masamichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Suzuki, Norihiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.59.531

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We previously examined the nasal cavity by non-destructive methods in the Japanese wolf (Canis hodophilax) and discussed on the olfactory function in this extinct species [4]. It has been thought that the giant panda has a higher performance in the olfactory senses to find a mating partner in the field [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of a Head of the Giant Panda by the Cone-Beam Type CT.

Endo

Komiya

Narushima

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The cone-beam type CT (Computed Tomography) enabled us to collect the three-dimensional (3D) digitalized data directly from the animal carcass. In this study, we applied the techniques of the cone-beam type CT for a carcass head of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) to obtain the 3D images easily without reconstruction process, and could morphologically examine the sections from the 3D data by means of non-destructive observations. The important results of the study represent the two following points. 1) We could show the morphological relationships between the muscles of mastication and the mandible in non-destructive status from the 3D data. The exact position of the coronoid process could be recognized in the rostro-lateral space of the temporal fossa. 2) By the serial sections from the 3D data sets, the morphological characteristics in the nasal cavity were detailed with high resolution in this rare species. The nasal concha was well-developed in the nasal cavity. The ethmoidal labyrinth was encountered immediately caudal t o the nasal cavity and close to the region of the olfactory bulb. The ethmoidal labyrinth consisted of the complicated osseous struct ure in this area. The data will be useful to discuss the olfactory function in the reproduction behavior of this species.

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confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of a Head of the Giant Panda by the Cone-Beam Type CT.

Endo

Komiya

Narushima

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…However, in the wolf, only our section series has been published for the extinct Japanese wolf skull [3]. An examination of the morphological differences in the masticatory system between wolves and dogs has not been performed previously.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The frontal bone is better-developed in size in the domesticated dog than in the wolf including the Japanese wolf [3,4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16]. The frontal bone of dog skull is enlarged dorso-ventraly and medio-laterally, and provides the large arising surface to the M. temporalis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have already applied the computed tomography (CT) technique to the skull of the extinct Japanese wolf (Canis hodophilax), and compared the data to those of the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) [3]. It was concluded from the results that the frontal bone and sinus are not so developed in the Japanese wolf as in the domesticated dog [3].…”

Section: Temporalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded from the results that the frontal bone and sinus are not so developed in the Japanese wolf as in the domesticated dog [3]. Because the shape and size of the frontal bone are related to the development of the masticatory system, we morphologically examined the masticatory muscles in the carcass of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), to elucidate the functional-morphological changes in the wolf masticatory system during the domestication process to the dog.…”

Section: Temporalismentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI Examination of the Masticatory Muscles in the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus), with Special Reference to the M. temporalis.

Endo

Taru

Nakamura

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We examined the head of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) using MRI methods. Although the arising surface of the M. temporalis was not so enlarged in the frontal bone, the small frontal bone did not disturb the M. temporalis from occupying the lateral space of the frontal area in the gray wolf as in the domesticated dog. In the gray wolf, it is suggested that the M. temporalis may not be well-developed in terms of size of arising area, but in the thickness of running bundles. We suggest that the dog has changed the three-dimensional plan of the M. temporalis during the domestication and that the M. temporalis has developed a large arising surface in the frontal bone and lost the thickness of belly in the frontal area in accordance with the enlargement of the frontal bone and the increase in brain size.-KEY WORDS: domestication, gray wolf, masticatory muscle, MRI, temporal bone.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(6): 581-586, 1999 digastricus were observed with naked eye, after removing the skin, subcutaneous tissue and the right globe from the head. After macroscopic dissection, the head, melted in room temperature, was serially sectioned with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (FLEXART, Toshiba Medical Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 3 mm in thickness and 0-3 mm in gap. We obtained a series of T1 weighted images (Spin echo method, TR=350 msec, TE=20 msec) of parasagittal, dorsal and transverse planes, and described the three-dimensional relationship between masticatory muscles (Mm. masseter, digastricus, temporalis, pterygoidei) and skull from the MRI section images. The anatomical nomenclature are based upon the textbooks of veterinary anatomy [4,15]. RESULTSThe MRI head sections are arranged in parasagittal (Fig. 1), dorsal (Fig. 2) and transverse (Fig. 3) planes. We show the macroscopic photographs in Fig. 4.M. temporalis: The arising of the M. temporalis is tightly attached to the dorsal surface of the parietal and occipital bones (Figs.

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Facial pillars in dogs: an anatomical study

et al. 2016

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This study describes the facial pillar system in dolichocephalic and brachycephalic breeds of dogs, and highlights its differences. Knowledge of facial pillar system anatomy is imperative to carry out successful fracture repair. The aim of our study was to describe the pillar system of the facial skeleton in dogs, and compare different shapes of dog skulls using native skulls, radiographs and computed tomography (CT). The heads of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs were investigated following a maceration process using trans-illumination, radiography and CT. Ground sections were created from bones of the facial skeleton for investigation of osteon directions. This study has revealed that the facial skeleton of the dog has numerous sinuses supported by vertically and horizontally oriented bone pillars. These pillars can be divided into five principal regions in dolichocephalic skulls and six principal regions in brachycephalic skulls. Radiographic imaging of both the brachiocephalic and dolichocephalic skulls was not capable of discerning bone pillars. Computed tomography transverse and horizontal section images discerned all pillars observed in the illuminated skulls.

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Osteometrical and CT Examination of the Japanese Wolf Skull.

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of a Head of the Giant Panda by the Cone-Beam Type CT.

Three-Dimensional Image Analysis of a Head of the Giant Panda by the Cone-Beam Type CT.

MRI Examination of the Masticatory Muscles in the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus), with Special Reference to the M. temporalis.

Facial pillars in dogs: an anatomical study

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