Osteocytes Influence on Bone Matrix Integrity Affects Biomechanical Competence at Bone-Implant Interface of Bioactive-Coated Titanium Implants in Rat Tibiae

Abstract

Osseointegration is a prerequisite for the long-term success of implants. Titanium implants are preferred for their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the need for early and immediate loading requires enhancing these properties by adding bioactive coatings. In this preclinical study, extracellular matrix properties and cellular balance at the implant/bone interface was examined. Polyelectrolyte multilayers of chitosan and gelatin or with chitosan and Hyaluronic acid fabricated on titanium alloy using a layer-by-layer self-assembly process were compared with native titanium alloy. The study aimed to histologically evaluate bone parameters that correlate to the biomechanical anchorage enhancement resulted from bioactive coatings of titanium implants in a rat animal model. Superior collagen fiber arrangements and an increased number of active osteocytes reflected a significant improvement of bone matrix quality at the bone interface of the chitosan/gelatin-coated titan implants over chitosan/hyaluronic acid-coated and native implants. Furthermore, the numbers and localization of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the reparative and remodeling phases suggested a better cellular balance in the chitosan/Gel-coated group over the other two groups. Investigating the micro-mechanical properties of bone tissue at the interface can elucidate detailed discrepancies between different promising bioactive coatings of titanium alloys to maximize their benefit in future medical applications.

3D-Printed Double-Helical Biodegradable Iron Suture Anchor: A Rabbit Rotator Cuff Tear Model

“…The two most commonly Materials 2022, 15, 2801 2 of 18 used metal SAs are stainless steel and titanium SAs [4]. Stainless steel SAs are encapsulated by an inflammatory cell-rich fibrous membrane, which impedes the osteoblasts from binding to the surface [4], whereas Ti forms a layer of Ca and phosphate, which facilitate osteointegration [5]. Although metallic SAs provide a rigid fixation and have been used for a long time, they have the disadvantage of permanent metal artifact interference with diagnostic imaging [6].…”

Frozen bean curd-inspired xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix with triple pretreatment approach of freeze–thaw, laser drilling and ADSCs pre-culture for promoting early vascularization and integration

“…Although the laser drilling decreased the mechanical strength, the values of Young’s modulus were all >10 Mpa, which meets the strength requirements of most tissue substitutes. Degradation of the materials and the matrix deposition to remodel materials by infiltrating cells simultaneously during the regenerative process [ 49 , 50 ]. Though the stiffness and strength of a scaffold decrease with the porosity increasing, the biological processes enhanced [ 51 ].…”

Chitosan–Heparin Polyelectrolyte Multilayer-Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol) Vascular Patches based on a Decellularized Scaffold for Vascular Regeneration

“…Mzyk and colleagues reported a PEM with vascular endothelial growth factor preloading on it, and they found that it can enhance the in vitro spreading and proliferation of ECs . The PEM film formed by the LbL technique has been widely used in biomedicine, but there are only a few reports involving vascular patches and vascular regeneration. ,, …”

“…31 The PEM film formed by the LbL technique has been widely used in biomedicine, but there are only a few reports involving vascular patches and vascular regeneration. 19,28,32 In this work, we prepared a PEM-coated PVA/DCS vascular patch by LBL coating of chitosan and heparin on PVA/DCS. The in vitro experiments indicated that the vascular patch possesses good blood compatibility and cell compatibility.…”