Ossification and Development of the Ossa Sesamoidea Phalangis Proximalis in Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus Linné 1758)

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Cerveny C. and V. PAral: OssijicationofossasesamoideadistaliainCanle.Acta vet. Bmo, 63, 1994:89-93.The appearance of ossificaton centres in cartilaginous primordia of ossa sesamoidea distalia was studied in a group of twenty calves of the Bohemian spotted cattle (14 males and 6 females) from birth to three months of age. All calves were X-rayed four times in identical periods. The radiographs showed that ossification centres of ossa sesamoidea distalia were already easily identifiable at the early stages of ontogeny and their appearance was recorded from 1 to 60 days after birth. The centres of ossasesamoidea distalia appeared 14 to 30 days earlier on the pelvic limbes than in the thoracic limbs. In the pelvic limbs they were fully developed in calves at one month of age while in thoracic limbs they were present at two months. In calves aged 3 months the ossification centres were equally well developed in both the thoracic and pelvic limbs, with the exception of calves retarded in growth. Ossification of the centres occurred earlier in female than in male animals. Cattle, ossa sesamoidea distalia, ossijication, skeletal maturityMonitoring the health of young cattle under the conditions of large-scale production poses new problems in veterinary medicine. X-ray examination of skeletons in cattle and its correct evaluation must draw on exact anatomical and radiological knowledge. This basic information can be used not only for a radiographical diagnosis of skeletal diseases but also for an evaluation of skeletal maturity of the animal. From this point of view, we studied the development of ossification and radiographical representantion of proximal sesamoid bones of digits in cattle (Cerv e n y 1983(Cerv e n y , 1987.In the literature, only general observations on the distal sesamoid bones in cattle are usually presented in descriptions of the overall development of the skeleton. KUpfer and Schinz (1923) found ossification centres of distal sesamoid bones in a 13-day old calf. V 0 k ken (1950) reported ossification centres of ossa sesamoidea distalia in digits of pelvic and thoracic limbs of 100day old calves and 30 to 4O-day old calves, respectively. When studying radiopgraphs of Jersey calves up to the age of nine months, R oj a s (1943) did not find any ossification centres of distal sesamoid bones in their digits. Fed rig 0 (1957) stated that he found no ossification centres of the ossa sesamoidea distalia in radiographs of a neonate calf. Neither did Dhingra et al. (1975) find any ossification centres of these tiny bones when studying Haryana calves, one to four weeks old. More accurate information on the time of appearance of ossification centres of distal sesamoid bones in digits of Ayshire calves is provided by Lin d say et al. (1969). They set the interval for the frrst appearance of ossification centres of distal sesamoid bones of pelvic and thoracic limbs at 16 to 35 days after birth. On the basis of this finding, they suggest dividing calves of unknown age into those which are under two weeks o...

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can thus determine the time these ossification centres first appear and study their development. These findings, as well as the data on the appearance and shape differentiation of proximal sesamoid bones in cattle (Cerveny 1983), can then be used as one of the criteria for assessing the skeletal maturity of calves. …”

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Ossification or ossa sesamoidea distalia in Cattle

Červený¹,

Páral²

1994

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“…No special reports dealing with anatomy of the sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges in cattle in greater details are available. A more detailed study of the sequence in appearance and development of ossification centres of these bones in fetuses and newborn animals was reported by Cerveny (1983). He found that the ossification centres of the sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digits showed uneveness in their development, for there was a regular sequence in their appearance in the eighth and ninth month of the intrauterine life and in normally developed calves all these ossification centres are already present.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anatomical Characteristics of the Ossa Sesamoidea Phalangis Proximalis in Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus Linné 1758)

Červený¹

1985

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Cerveny, C.: Anatomical Characteristics of the Ossa Sesamoidea Phalangis Rroximalis in Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus Linne 1758). Acta vet. Brno, 54, 1985: 3-22.The anatomical structure and radiography of the sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of cattle digits were studied on osteological material and radiograms of 18 cows and 5 bulls. On the basis of detailed anatomical description, a list of new anatomical names for important anatomical formations was proposed in order to complete the anatomical nomenclature and to provide better orientation on the bones as well as a more precise description of the different bones and determine their origin from the respective digits and/or the left or right thoracic or pelvic limbs.Thus the axial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digit can be distinguished from the abaxial ones. Also the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the third and fourth digits can be differentiated as well as their origir from the thoracic or pelvic limb.. On the basis of outer characteristics, we can safely differentiate the axial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digits of the thoracic limb and the pelvic limb. Whether the axial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digits pertain to the third or fourth digit on the thoracic or pelvic limb and to the left or right limb, it can be determined indirectly from the topographic interrelations of the anatomical formations described in the present study, but only under condition that we know one of the data looked for which is relative to the origin of the bones.On the basis of the typical shape and location of shadows we can differentiate in the radiograms shadows of the axial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digits from those of the abaxial ones. By uneven intensity of the shadow in the radiograms in the dorsoplantar or dorsopalmar projection we can differentiate the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanx of the fourth digit and that of the third digit. Cattle, digits, ossa sesamoidea phalangis proximalis, anatomical characteristics.According to Preuss (1970), the sesamoid bones appear to have resulted from the pressure of the skeletal muscle tendons on the wall of the synovial formations and consequently they have a close functional connection to them. The ossification centres of these small bones appear either in late gestation or in the postnatal period (Kupfer and Schinz 1923;Vokken 1950;Lindsay 1969). The anatomical structure of these bones is not always known and the osteologic treatment of skeletons and judgement of the archeologic findings bring about difficulties in their differentiation and precise specification. This is especially true of the ossa sesamoidea phalangis proximalis. Basic data on morphology of these bones in cattle were found in classical and more recent text-. books dealing with the veterinary anatomy (Ellenberger and Baum 1943, Sisson lind Grossman 1947, Barone 1966, Akaevskiy 1968, Getty 1975, Nickel et a1. 1977. Martin and Schauder ...

“…In cattle, their ossification centres appear late in the intrauterine life Tarasov, 1968: Lindsay 1969). Cerveny (1983) found a regular sequence in their appearance. The first to appear is the ossification centre of the axial sesamoid bone of the pr-oxitnal phalanx of the fourth digit, followed by the ossification centre of the axial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit and that of the abaxial sesamoid bone of the proxitnal phalanx of the fourth digit.…”

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Osteometry of the Ossa Sesamoidea Phalangis Proximalis in Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus Linné 1758)

Červený¹

1985

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Cerveny C.: Osteometry of the Ossa Sesamoidea Phalangis Proximalis in Cattle (Bos primigenius f. taurus Linne 1758). Acta vet. Brno, 54, 1985: 119-128. The sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the digits from 14 bovine females of the Bohemian Spotted cattle were subject to osteometric examination. Statistical significance of four characteristics was studied. There was no statistical significance in the weight and diameter differences. Highly significant differences were recorded for the maximum height values when comparing the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the fourth and third digits from the thoracic limbs and the maximum width when comparing the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the third and fourth digits from the pelvic limbs. Also the width values for the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proxitnal phalanges of the third digits from the thoracic limbs and the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanges of the third digits from the pelvic limbs showed highly significant differences. Likewise, the differences in the maximum height values between the abaxial sesamoid bone of the Pfoxitnal phalanx of the fourth digit and the abaxial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit on the pelvic limbs showed statistical significance. Similar relations were recorded between the abaxial sesamoid bones of the proximal phalanx of the fourth and third digits on the thoracic limb. Also the difference between the maximum height values of the axial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit from the thoracic limb and the axial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit from the thoracic limb and the axial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit from the pelvic limb was statistically significant. The osteometric findings on the sesamoid bones of the proxitnal phalanges of the cattle digits form a complement to anatomical characteristics and are another criterion for differentiation and identification of these bones. Cattle, digits, ossa sesamoidea phaiangis proximalis, osteometry.The proxitnal phalangeal sesamoid bones of digits of cattle, sheep, goat, horse and dog are a regular component of their skeleton (NiCkel et a!. 1977). In cattle, their ossification centres appear late in the intrauterine life Tarasov, 1968: Lindsay 1969). Cerveny (1983) found a regular sequence in their appearance. The first to appear is the ossification centre of the axial sesamoid bone of the pr-oxitnal phalanx of the fourth digit, followed by the ossification centre of the axial sesamoid bone of the proximal phalanx of the third digit and that of the abaxial sesamoid bone of the proxitnal phalanx of the fourth digit. And the last to appear is the ossification centre of the abaxial sesamoid bone ofthe third digit. This sequence is common for all limbs, with advanced appearance of ossification centres of the pelvic limbs compared to the thoracic limbs. Basic anatomical data of these stnall bones in cattle are given in both the class...