Oscillating Rows of Vortices in Superconductors

Matsuda, Tsuyoshi; Kamimura, O.; Kasai, H.; Harada, Ken; Yoshida, Tetsushi; Akashi, Takumi; Tonomura, Akira; Nakayama, Yasuo; Shimoyama, J.; Kishio, K.; Hanaguri, T.; Kitazawa, K.

doi:10.1126/science.1065968

Cited by 81 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A couple of years later interacting crossing lattices were observed in very thin 400nm thick BSCCO crystals by Lorentz microscopy [50]. Note that the thickness is of the order of the in-plane penetration depth λ || , which sets the range of attraction between the pancake vortices that make up the stack of an Abrikosov flux line.…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Interacting Crossing Latticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex chains in anisotropic superconductors

Bending¹,

Dodgson²

2005

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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High-cT superconductors in small magnetic fields directed away from the crystal symmetry axes have been found to exhibit inhomogeneous chains of flux lines (vortices), in contrast to the usual regular triangular flux-line lattice. We review the experimental observations of these chains, and summarize the theoretical background that explains their appearance. We treat separately two classes of chains: those that appear in superconductors with moderate anisotropy due to an attractive part of the interaction between tilted flux lines, and those with high anisotropy where the tilted magnetic flux is created by two independent and perpendicular crossing lattices. In the second case it is the indirect attraction between a flux line along the layers (Josephson vortex) and a flux line perpendicular to the layers (pancake vortex stack) that leads to the formation of chains of the pancake vortex stacks. This complex system contains a rich variety of phenomena, with several different equilibrium phases, and an extraordinary dynamic interplay between the two sets of crossing vortices. We compare the theoretical predictions of these phenomena with the experimental observations made to date. We also contrast the different techniques used to make these observations. While it is clear that this system forms a wonderful playground for probing the formation of structures with competing interactions, we conclude that there are important practical implications of the vortex chains that appear in highly anisotropic superconductors.

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Section: Experimental Observations Of Interacting Crossing Latticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex chains in anisotropic superconductors

Bending¹,

Dodgson²

2005

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…However, an attractive component in the vortex-vortex interaction may appear even in type-II superconductors. For example, such phenomenon is observed in anisotropic superconductors with a magnetic field tilted away from the principal symmetry axes [3][4][5], or as a result of the nonlocal relationship between supercurrents and vector potential in clean and low-materials [6]. Another example can be found in the case of type-1.5 superconductors where two weakly coupled order parameters, each of which belong to a different type of superconductivity, coexist in the same material [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of Stripelike Flux Patterns Obtained by Freezing Kinematic Vortices in a Superconducting Pb Film

et al. 2010

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We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the dissipative state of superconducting samples with a periodic array of holes at high current densities consists of flux rivers resulting from a short-range attractive interaction between vortices. This dynamically induced vortex-vortex attraction results from the migration of quasiparticles out of the vortex core (kinematic vortices). We have directly visualized the formation of vortex chains by scanning Hall probe microscopy after freezing the dynamic state by a field cooling procedure at a constant bias current. Similar experiments carried out in a sample without holes show no hint of flux river formation. We shed light on this nonequilibrium phenomena modeled by timedependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations. Self-organization and its associated pattern morphologies belong to the most striking phenomena in nature. Usually periodic, such features are often the result of competing interactions. One of the most common structures is stripe patterns, which are found in magnetic, colloidal, or biological systems [1]. In most of them, the longrange (dipolarlike) repulsion is balanced by a short-range attraction, with an origin specific to each system. An interesting analogue can be found in superconductivity. Although this state of matter is magnetophobic, the magnetic field can penetrate (type-II) superconductors in the form of vortices with each bearing a flux quantum È 0 . Since the magnetic energy increases when vortices approach each other [2], their interaction is purely repulsive, and they form a triangular lattice. However, an attractive component in the vortex-vortex interaction may appear even in type-II superconductors. For example, such phenomenon is observed in anisotropic superconductors with a magnetic field tilted away from the principal symmetry axes [3][4][5], or as a result of the nonlocal relationship between supercurrents and vector potential in clean and low-materials [6]. Another example can be found in the case of type-1.5 superconductors where two weakly coupled order parameters, each of which belong to a different type of superconductivity, coexist in the same material [7,8]. In all cases when vortex attraction is present, a vortex chain formation is observed.However, the formation of vortex chains in isotropic type-II superconductors is still energetically unfavorable due to purely repulsive interactions [9]. The only instance where vortex chains are predicted to attract each other in type-II isotropic superconductors is when they are out of equilibrium. Namely, in an applied dc drive, fast moving vortices due to a Lorentz force create an excess of quasiparticles behind themselves generating a wake of depleted order parameter [10,11]. This effect gives rise to the socalled kinematic vortices characterized by a very anisotropic vortex core elongated in the direction of motion [11]. Under these circumstances, vortices attract the following vortices and interconnect into a ''vortex river.'' This directional interaction between kinematic vorti...

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“…In addition, the amplitude of the field modulation decays as exp(-z/a) where z is the height above the surface of the superconductor. As a result, all previous scanning magneto-sensitive imaging of vortices was limited to very low fields 8,[28][29][30][31] of up to a few mT. Figure 5b shows scanning SOT imaging of vortices at applied fields of up to 0.2 T. The distance between the two nearest vortices in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%