Orthocephalization in the postweaning squirrel monkey

Pucciarelli, Héctor Mário; Dressino, Vicente

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199610)101:2<173::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Particularly, the shape changes are characterized by a flattening of the neurocranium and modifications in the angle of the cranial base. A similar pattern of ontogenetic shape change has been described in rats, mice and other mammals (Moss & Vilmann, 1978; Pucciarelli & Dressino, 1996; Willmore et al. 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental perturbations of many kinds influence growth and development. Little is known, however, about the influence of environmental factors on the patterns of phenotypic integration observed in complex morphological traits. We analyze the changes in phenotypic variance-covariance structure of the rat skull throughout the early postnatal ontogeny (from birth to weaning) and evaluate the effect of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on this structure. Using 2D coordinates taken from lateral radiographs obtained every 4 days, from birth to 21 days old, we show that the pattern of covariance is temporally dynamic from birth to 21 days. The environmental perturbation provoked during pregnancy altered the skull growth, and reduced the mean size of the IUGR group. These environmental effects persisted throughout lactancy, when the mothers of both groups received a standard diet. More strikingly, the effect grew larger beyond this point. Altering environmental conditions did not affect all traits equally, as revealed by the low correlations between covariance matrices of treatments at the same age. Finally, we found that the IUGR treatment increased morphological integration as measured by the scaled variance of eigenvalues. This increase coincided and is likely related to an increase in morphological variance in this group. This result is expected if somatic growth is a major determinant of covariance structure of the skull. In summary, our findings suggest that environmental perturbations experienced in early ontogeny alter fundamental developmental processes and are an important factor in shaping the variance-covariance structure of complex phenotypic traits.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After birth, the brain, which develops earlier than any other structure in mammals, strongly influences neurocranial (Topinard, 1891; Delattre, 1951;Moss and Young, 1960;Delattre and Fenart, 1963;Hofer, 1969;Moss, 1973;Michejda, 1975;Sirianni and Swindler, 1979;Moss et al, 1982;Sirianni, 1985), and orbit (Hartwig, 1995) growth. Slower neurocranial growth with respect to the face as seen in Saimiri was also observed in rats (Pucciarelli, 1981;Oyhenart, (Schultz, 1962;Pucciarelli et al, 1990;Dressino, 1991;Pucciarelli and Dressino, 1996). The relative differences in growth have been attributed to the longer growth span of the face rather than to growth rate differences, because facial growth ends later than that of the neural mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Several studies performed on the cranial anatomy of the Saimiri genus (Delattre and Anthony, 1951;Hill, 1960;Thom, 1965;Hershkovitz, 1977;Kaack et al, 1979;Ayres, 1985;Thorington, 1985;Pucciarelli et al, 1990;Dressino, 1991;Corner and Richtsmeier, 1992;Hartwig, 1995;Pucciarelli and Dressino, 1996) described the behavior of cranial structures during growth. Some aspects, however, are not well known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial growth inSaimiri sciureus (Cebidae) and its alteration by nutritional factors: A longitudinal study

Dressino

Pucciarelli

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ten male Saimiri sciureus boliviensis (Cebidae), born at the Centro Argentino de Primates (CAPRIM), were grown in captivity. At weaning (6 months old), five individuals were fed ad libitum on a 20% protein diet (controls). The other five animals were fed ad libitum on a 5% protein diet (malnourished). Animals were radiographed monthly. The length, width, and height of the anterior, middle, and posterior components of the neurocranium, and those of the masticatory, respiratory, and optic components of the face were measured. A pattern of high growth rate was observed in both the three facial and the middle neural components. The anterior and posterior neural components showed a pattern of low rate of growth. The growth behavior of each variable was also different. Lengths grew more than widths and heights in the facial components, whereas widths grew more than heights and lengths in the neurocranium. Malnutrition delayed growth in size and altered the normal shape changes. High-patterned variables, such as masticatory and respiratory lengths, and the anterior and middle neural widths were particularly affected. The masticatory and the middle neural components underwent the greatest growth arrest. The optic and the respiratory components suffered a mild effect. The anterior and the posterior neural components were affected to a lesser degree.

show abstract

“…In platyrrhine monkeys, undernutrition alters the growth of the neurocranial and facial functional components (1,2). The areas of higher growth (nasal bones, parietal and basioccipital bones, occipital squama, and palatomaxillary procidentia) are especially affected by undernutrition, suffering alteration in size, though not in shape (2,3), and sexual dimorphic inversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The areas of higher growth (nasal bones, parietal and basioccipital bones, occipital squama, and palatomaxillary procidentia) are especially affected by undernutrition, suffering alteration in size, though not in shape (2,3), and sexual dimorphic inversion. The use of this experimental model has made a signifi-cant contribution to longitudinal studies of growth and development, inasmuch as it is not affected by the intrinsic or extrinsic factors that modify the regular patterns of auxologic dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys

Cónsole

Jurado

Oyhenart

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Undernutrition elicited by a low-protein diet determines a marked reduction of hypophyseal activity and affects the function of the respective target organs. The objective of the present investigation was to study the ultrastructural and quantitative immunohistochemical changes of the different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys that had been previously shown to have significant changes in craniofacial growth. Twenty Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys of both sexes were used. The animals were born in captivity and were separated into two groups at one year of age, i.e., control and undernourished animals. The monkeys were fed ad libitum a 20% (control group) and a 10% (experimental group) protein diet for two years. Pituitaries were processed for light and electron microscopy. The former was immunolabeled with anti-GH, -PRL, -LH, -FSH, -ACTH, and -TSH sera. Volume density and cell density were measured using an image analyzer. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in these parameters with regard to somatotrophs, lactotrophs, gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs from undernourished animals compared to control ones. In these populations, the ultrastructural study showed changes suggesting compensatory hyperfunction. On the contrary, no significant changes were found in the morphometric parameters or the ultrastructure of the corticotroph population. We conclude that in undernourished monkeys the somatotroph, lactotroph, gonadotroph, and thyrotroph cell populations showed quantitative immunohistochemical changes that can be correlated with ultrastructural findings.

show abstract

Orthocephalization in the postweaning squirrel monkey

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress

Developmental plasticity in covariance structure of the skull: effects of prenatal stress

Cranial growth inSaimiri sciureus (Cebidae) and its alteration by nutritional factors: A longitudinal study

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of different pituitary cell populations in undernourished monkeys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About