Ornipural® Mitigates Malathion-Induced Hepato-Renal Damage in Rats via Amelioration of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Restoration of Antioxidant Activity, and Attenuation of Inflammatory Response

Abstract

The current study was instigated by investigating the ameliorative potential of Ornipural® solution against the hepato-renal toxicity of malathion. A total number of 35 male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into five groups. Group 1 served as control and received normal saline intraperitoneally. Group 2, the sham group, were administered only corn oil (vehicle of malathion) orally. Group 3 was orally intoxicated by malathion in corn oil at a dose of 135 mg/kg BW via intra-gastric gavage. Group 4 received malathion orally concomitantly with Ornipural® intraperitoneally. Group 5 was given Ornipural® solution in saline via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of (1 mL/kg BW). Animals received the treatment regime for 30 days. Histopathological examination revealed the harmful effect of malathion on hepatic and renal tissue. The results showed that malathion induced a significant decrease in body weight and marked elevation in the activity of liver enzymes, LDH, and ACP. In contrast, the activity of AchE and Paraoxonase was markedly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the serum content of bilirubin, cholesterol, and kidney injury markers. A significant elevation in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (nitrite), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was observed, along with a substantial reduction in antioxidant activity. Furthermore, malathion increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the upregulation of IL-1B, BAX, and IFN-β genes, and the downregulation of Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 genes. Concurrent administration of Ornipural® with malathion attenuated the detrimental impact of malathion through ameliorating metabolic biomarkers, restoring antioxidant activity, reducing the inflammatory response, and improving pathologic microscopic alterations. It could be concluded that Ornipural® solution demonstrates hepatorenal defensive impacts against malathion toxicity at biochemical, antioxidants, molecular, and cellular levels.

Ginseng® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats

“…In histopathological examination, Ginseng ® supplementation reduced most pathological microscopic changes related to malathion exposure, which supports the previously discussed Ginseng ® protection mechanisms against hepato-renal damage. Our result was supported by [ 105 ], who showed malathion’s adverse effects on the kidney and hepatic tissue. In the same way, the co-treatment with Ginseng ® reinstates typical hepatic architecture, as stated by [ 80 ].…”

Eupatilin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mice

“…The percentage of positive staining for LTL was evaluated in 10 random fields (400×) per sample. To evaluate oxidative DNA damage, the sections were probed with an antibody against 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) [ 27 ]. Nuclei were stained DAPI.…”

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Acute and Chronic Diseases

“…Our Special Issue presents innovative research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and review [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] papers addressing many of these questions related to the fundamental OS involvement in the onset and progression of several acute and chronic diseases, and about the correlated biomarkers and potential therapies. Precisely, the 12 research articles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] included in this Special Issue are focused on evidencing the OS role in diagnostics, signatures of the disease course, molecules involved, OS potential treatments and effects, and short- and long-term consequences.…”

“…Our Special Issue presents innovative research [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] and review [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] papers addressing many of these questions related to the fundamental OS involvement in the onset and progression of several acute and chronic diseases, and about the correlated biomarkers and potential therapies. Precisely, the 12 research articles [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] included in this Special Issue are focused on evidencing the OS role in diagnostics, signatures of the disease course, molecules involved, OS potential treatments and effects, and short- and long-term consequences. Precisely, Chen et al [ 1 ], by performing a nano-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS)-based lipidomic profiling study on lipid accumulation and oxidation in kidney cells in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model, confirmed the key role of OS and lipid dysregulation in renal lipid droplet (LD) alteration at the molecular level.…”

“…Shukry and colleagues [ 3 ] evidenced, by testing 35 Wistar albino rats, the beneficial effects of Ornipural ® , a therapeutic solution containing several active ingredients, against the toxic action of malathion, oxidative agents, and inflammatory mediators, by restoring biochemical parameters, enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, and reducing the generation of inflammatory mediators. Kukolj et al [ 4 ], by using Y59 rats injected intraperitoneally with iron dextran solution at a dose of 50 mg/kg or exposed to inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane and their combination for 28 days every other day, showed that the anesthetics reduce the rat’s organ weight and increases OS in peripheral tissues, leading to M1 macrophage polarization.…”