Ginseng® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats

Abstract

This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion’s toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion’s harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.

Curcumin Mitigates Malathion-Induced Renal Injury: Suppression of Apoptosis and Modulation of NF-κβ/TNF-α and Nrf2, and HO-1 Signaling

“…In the current study, malathion significantly upregulated the expression of NFκβ in the kidney tissue and curcumin significantly ameliorated this elevation. This results in agreement with [39,40]; moreover, the same changes in the expression of TNF-α and curcumin reversed these changes, a finding similarly demonstrated by [41,42].…”

“…In the current work, the Nrf2 and HO-1-stained section of the malathion group revealed a negative reaction; on the other hand, curcumin rats revealed a strong positive reaction and significantly increased area% of positive immunoreactivity compared with the malathion group, and the same outcomes were documented by [42].…”

Biodegradation of Organophosphorus Pesticide (Malathion) by Bacillus sp. FYM31 Isolated from Agriculture Drainage Water

“…For pests , control, an organophosphorus insecticide has been extensively applied [3]. Malathion is considered one of the first and most commonly used OP and is still used extensively in Egypt, especially for agriculture [4]. The harmful effect caused by malathion can reach the nervous system, a cholinesterase inhibitor that operates as a non-systemic insecticide and has acute toxicity.…”