Orientation dependent fatigue performance and mechanisms of selective laser melted maraging steel X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5

Damon, James; Hanemann, Theresa; Dietrich, Stefan; Graf, Gregor; Lang, Karl‐Heinz; Schulze, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.06.025

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is generally the case that the ductility of LPBF samples is inferior to those exhibited by wrought samples, but in some cases they can be comparable. As is also the case for the 17-4 PH alloy system, many studies into the AM of 18Ni 300 maraging steel have also shown comparable or increased strength but reduced ductility in comparison to wrought data from literature [106,112,161,[166][167][168]. The increase in strength is attributed to aging during the LPBF process due to cyclic reheating of the metal as well as the fine resultant solidification structure [106,161].…”

Section: -4 Ph Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a disruptive manufacturing technology in which complex engineering parts are produced in a layer-by-layer manner, using a high-energy heating source and powder, wire or sheet as feeding material. The current paper aims to review the achievements in AM of steels in its ability to obtain superior properties that cannot be achieved through conventional manufacturing routes, thanks to the unique microstructural evolution in AM. The challenges that AM encounters are also reviewed, and suggestions for overcoming these challenges are provided if applicable. We focus on laser powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition as these two methods are currently the most common AM methods to process steels. The main foci are on austenitic stainless steels and maraging/precipitation-hardened (PH) steels, the two so far most widely used classes of steels in AM, before summarising the state-of-the-art of AM of other classes of steels. Our comprehensive review highlights that a wide range of steels can be processed by AM. The unique microstructural features including hierarchical (sub)grains and fine precipitates induced by AM result in enhancements of strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of AM steels when compared to their conventional counterparts. Achieving an acceptable ductility and fatigue performance remains a challenge in AM steels. AM also acts as an intrinsic heat treatment, triggering ‘in situ’ phase transformations including tempering and other precipitation phenomena in different grades of steels such as PH steels and tool steels. A thorough discussion of the performance of AM steels as a function of these unique microstructural features is presented in this review.

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Section: -4 Ph Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The increase in strength is attributed to aging during the LPBF process due to cyclic reheating of the metal as well as the fine resultant solidification structure [106,161]. The decrease in ductility is attributed to the presence of defects in AM parts [167].…”

Section: -4 Ph Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

et al. 2020

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“…Since the layer-by-layer laser melting technology generates specific structure dependent on the shape and destination of the part, it reveals anisotropic fatigue performance dependent of the build direction [18]. Thus, another kind of fatigue resistance was related to the real work conditions of the sleeves produced with AM technology.…”

Section: Fatigue Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Maraging Steel Sleeves Produced by SLM with Subsequent Age Hardening

Tyczyński¹,

Siemiątkowski

Bąk³

et al. 2020

Materials

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In the paper, the researches on sleeves made out of maraging steel 1.2709 using selective laser melting (SLM) technology are presented. This additive technology is recognized as favorable for the environment, due to 100% use of material and durability of manufactured details. The fabricated sleeves underwent subsequent tests, in particular, microhardness, porosity and homogeneity of the material was examined before and after heat treatment and salt bath nitrocarburizing process. Two kinds of fatigue tests were performed. The first consisted of the typical sinusoidal alternating load, the other was the high pressure pulse load test close to the real work conditions. It is of high importance that the fatigue strength of the tested sleeves is considerably higher than that of the similarly produced details shaped as a standard samples for tensile stress. The Mössbauer spectrometry analysis of hyperfine magnetic field distributions proved that SLM did not change considerably the martensite structure at atomic level.

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“…Such processability of maraging steel by LPBF and the resulting microstructure and tensile properties have been widely investigated [7][8][9][10][11] ; however, limited information is reported on the fatigue behaviour. Figure 1 shows an overview of high cycle fatigue results for vertically built, axial fully reversed loaded samples available in literature, [12][13][14][15] containing data points extracted with reasonable degree of accuracy. The heat-treated samples in Figure 1 are aged at varying temperatures and times within the commonly used age-hardening regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐treatment selection for tailored fatigue performance of 18Ni300 maraging steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Elangeswaran

Gurung

Koch

et al. 2020

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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This study investigates the fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel. Specifically, the surface and material parameters impacting fatigue performance are analysed through various post‐treatment combinations. Vertically built miniaturised test samples produced by laser powder bed fusion are tested in as‐built and age‐hardening heat‐treated conditions. To utilise the potential of using additive manufacturing for complex‐shaped parts in which conventional machining tools could have limited access, vibratory finishing and sand blasting are employed. The fatigue results show that in as‐built microstructural condition, both the surface treatments significantly enhanced the fatigue performance, with vibratory finishing outperforming sand blasting owing to better surface finish. After heat treatment, sand‐blasted samples performed better than vibratory‐finished ones because of higher residual stresses. This competing interaction between post‐treatments sheds light on identifying the relative influence of various factors. With systematic postfracture and microstructural analyses highlighting the fatigue influencing factors, recommendations are drawn to select post‐treatments to achieve the desired fatigue performance.

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Orientation dependent fatigue performance and mechanisms of selective laser melted maraging steel X3NiCoMoTi18-9-5

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges

Performance of Maraging Steel Sleeves Produced by SLM with Subsequent Age Hardening

Post‐treatment selection for tailored fatigue performance of 18Ni300 maraging steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

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