Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in north Indian population

Nk, Singh; Chhillar, Neelam; Banerjee, B. D.; Bala, Kiran; Basu, Mitra; Mustafa, Muhammad

doi:10.1177/0960327112456315

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Covariates were selected based on previous studies on lipophilic chemicals like organochlorine pesticides (Bouchard et al, 2014;Richardson et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2013). Adjusting covariates were age (continuous), gender, race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, nonHispanic black, Mexican American, multiracial, or others), education (less than 9th grade, 9th-11th grades, and high school graduates), poverty income ratio (the ratio of self-reported family income to the family's appropriate threshold value, continuous), smoking status (current, ex, and never), and body mass index (continuous).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, environmental low dose but long-term exposure to organochlorine pesticides in the general population was linked to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (Richardson et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2013). Two case-control studies have reported higher serum concentrations of some organochlorine pesticides or their metabolites like p,p′-DDE, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and dieldrin among patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls (Richardson et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two case-control studies have reported higher serum concentrations of some organochlorine pesticides or their metabolites like p,p′-DDE, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and dieldrin among patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls (Richardson et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2013). If low dose exposure to organochlorine pesticides in the general population affects the development of dementia, the impact on public health could be huge, because these chemicals have widely contaminated food chains across the world and almost all persons have some amount of these chemicals in their bodies (Porta et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between organochlorine pesticides and cognition in U.S. elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Environment International

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There is limited evidence about whether background exposure to organochlorine pesticides is related to impairment of cognitive function in general populations. This study was performed to investigate cross-sectional associations between serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and cognitive function, a predictor of dementia, among U.S. elders without overt dementia. Study subjects were 644 elders aged 60-85, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. We selected 6 organochlorine pesticides (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane) which were commonly detected in current general population. Cognitive function was assessed with the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test. All 6 compounds showed statistically significant or marginally significant inverse associations with cognitive score after adjusting for covariates including education levels. The strongest association was observed with p,p'-DDT. With the outcome of low cognitive score defined as <25th percentile, elders in the highest quartile of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane had 2 to 3 times higher risks than those in the lowest quartile. In particular, when their concentrations were further divided with the cutoff points of 90th and 95th percentiles, p,p'-DDT in the highest 5th percentile showed 6.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.6-16.3) times higher risk of low cognitive score. On the other hand, non-persistent pesticides like organophosphates or pyrethroid showed little association with this cognitive score. The potential role of background exposure to organochlorine pesticides in the development of dementia should be explored in future prospective studies and in-vitro/in-vivo experimental studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between organochlorine pesticides and cognition in U.S. elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Environment International

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“…The OCPs α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, Aldrin, Dieldrin, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, pp'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), op'-DDE, pp'-Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (pp'-DDT), op '-DDT, pp'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethane (pp'-DDD) and op'-DDD were assayed. The compounds selected for assay were based on previous findings (Singh et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2013) that indicated the pesticides most commonly found in human samples and based on the compounds assayed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Samples were analysed on Perkin Elmer Gas Chromatograph equipped with 63Ni electron capture detector under standard operating procedure (Singh et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Estimation Of Organochlorine Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-hexachlorocyclohexane as a Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study in North Indian Population

Chhillar¹,

Singh²,

Banerjee³

et al. 2013

AJAD

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The notion of potential existence of gene environment interaction (GxE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has substantial impact on understanding the role of genetic and non-genetic contribution to this disorder. Keeping in mind this background we examined the genetic and environmental factors which may determine their relative contribution to AD. Based on well defined inclusion and exclusion criteria this study includes 70 AD patients and 75 age-matched controls. Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in blood by using gas chromatography and serum metals were analyzed by using an autoanalyser. The LRPAP1 and APOE gene polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism respectively. The frequency of APOE ε4 allele and LRPAP1 I allele were significantly high (p=0.000 for both allele) in AD patients as compared to controls. The significantly high levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) and dieldrin are risk factors for AD independent of the genetic risk factor, recording an odds ratio of 2.777 and 2.344 respectively. This study suggests that out of the environmental factors, high β-HCH levels were the best predictor of presence of AD independent of the genetic component and low levels of serum iron play a protective role against AD.

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“…The exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally has been found to be associated with several human health related problems like hormone disruption, immune suppression, adverse reproductive outcomes, cancers, neurological disorder etc. [8,16,17].…”

Section: Introduction Preterm Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Toxicogenomic Risk Factors in Etiology of Preterm Delivery

Guleria¹

2014

Reprod Syst Sex Disord

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Worldwide, preterm birth accounts for more than 60% of prenatal morbidity and mortality and is the leading cause of neonatal deaths. Globally, every year, around 13 million babies are born preterm, with rates being highest in the low and middle-income group. India is leading all the nations in PTD, as reported by WHO. PTD is considered as a major pregnancy complication. PTD continues to be a major clinical and public health problem and is regarded as a syndrome with multiple causes. Environmental stressors such as heavy metal, Organochlorine pesticides have a long history of widespread use all around the world. Because of high stability, extremely low biodegradability and long half life, these compounds are typically very persistent in the environment, and are known to accumulate in soil, food, blood, fatty tissue etc. Humans, being at the top of the food chain are most vulnerable to health effects as the level of the toxic chemicals is several folds higher through the process of bio-magnifications. The problem gets compounded in women because of increased adipose tissue in them and high liposolubility of these OCPs. Pesticide toxicity is of utmost concern during pregnancy as studies have revealed that mother and fetus are more vulnerable to their toxic effects. OCPs are metabolized by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as CYP P450 and GSTs. Polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolizing genes may cause improper metabolism of xenobiotics which may cause high free radical generation, increased oxidative stress, improper cytokines release and also increased inflammation. OCPs levels are also correlated significantly with increased expression of COX-2 gene. The mechanisms underlying the etiology and onset of preterm birth is not clearly understood. Still more than 40-50% cases of preterm delivery are 'idiopathic'. So, it is very essential to assess the etiological factors and the mechanisms by which they result in preterm birth in order to make further research in targeted interventions to prevent preterm labor.

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Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in north Indian population

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Associations between organochlorine pesticides and cognition in U.S. elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

Associations between organochlorine pesticides and cognition in U.S. elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

β-hexachlorocyclohexane as a Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study in North Indian Population

Assessment of Toxicogenomic Risk Factors in Etiology of Preterm Delivery

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