Organización de los cuidados de enfermería en la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939): un abordaje histórico

Abstract

The resolution of health problems in the population, as well as the assistance to injured people during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1938), were achieved in the Insurgent and republican fronts by national and international organizations. That health care was extremely demanded. Objective: To know the social and health 1. er Cuatrimestre 2019 • Año XXII-N.° 53 with Spain during the war; 2) health professionals and volunteers who cared and were taught in health during 1936-39. Results: Whereas the insurgent camp was assisted by the Red Cross, Falange's nurses and volunteers without health training, the republican camp was helped by the Red Cross, International Brigades, International Red Aid and also feminist associations. Conclusions: The Civil War was marked by a huge number of injured, nevertheless, all the health professionals and volunteers dispensed health care with courage and dedication, even in spite of the danger. They were able to assistance each people with humanity.

Enfermería durante la guerra civil española y su posguerra (1936-1949): olvido e inhabilitación

“…During the Civil War, Francoist regime enacted the Political Responsibility Law of February 9, 1939, which established the rules for the purge of public employees. Therefore, all persons who had worked for the state, including health professionals, had to go through a purging process (Pérez Aguado et al, 2012;Domínguez Isabel et al, 2019;Ruiz-Berdún & Gomis Blanco, 2012).…”

“…On the one hand, in 1860, Florence Nightingale opened her first school at St. Thomas Hospital and King's College in London (Moreno Sánchez, Fajardo Daza, Ibarra Acuña, & Restrepo, 2017). During this period, the international movement of the Red Cross emerged, being founded in Spain in 1864, which promoted health education for all those who provided care for the wounded in armed conflicts (Domínguez Isabel et al, 2019). Likewise, in Spain, the humanist Concepción Arenal, impregnated by this philosophy, defended in 1870 that nursing care should be carried out with quality in Spanish hospitals.…”

“…This woman looked after the weakest and appealed for respect for vulnerable people, considering that institutional charity should help the neediest and should not abandon poor and sick families to their fate (Siles González, 2009). In 1896, Federico Rubio y Galí, motivated by this new way of understanding nursing care, founded in Madrid the Royal School of Nurses of St. Elizabeth of Hungary, considered to be the first in Spain (Domínguez Isabel et al, 2019). However, it was not until 1915 that the nursing degree was created by the Royal Order of May 7 (Gómez et al, 2018).…”

Preparados curativos aplicados por sanitarios al sifilítico: un recorrido histórico (s. XVI-XXI)

“…Lo que sí se llevó a cabo durante el siglo XX, fue un control sanitario de los lupanares. 11,14 Además, en tratados médicos del siglo XX se menciona la "educación moral", formación que debía proporcionar el padre en el seno de la familia o el médico en los "liceos" o instituciones, la cual invitaba a los jóvenes a "practicar la castidad". 11,15…”

Regulación de la Enfermería Española: incorporación a la profesión sanitaria (1850-1950)

“…37.38 Thus, nurses trained and qualified on the popular side were referred to in different forms: nurses of war, campaign and military; while on the national side were nurses and volunteer ladies. 36,37 On the other hand, the nurses trained in the Red Cross were called on both sides Professional Nurses, as the International Committee of the Red Cross established a double delegation. The one on the popular front was in Madrid and Barcelona; while that of the rebel side was installed in Burgos and Seville.…”