Organic Solar Cells with Hydrogenated In-Doped ZnO Replacing Sn-Doped In₂O₃ as Transparent Electrode

Abstract

Hydrogenated In-doped ZnO (IZO:H) anodic films grown at different ratios (R) of hydrogen to argon were deposited at a low processing temperature of 100 C on a glass substrate by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering for photovoltaic cells. Even at a low substrate temperature, the transparent electrode showed an average optical transmittance of 88% in the visible range and a reduced resistivity of less than 3:5 Â 10 À3 Ácm. The organic photovoltaic cells with an IZO:H (R ¼ 0:08) electrode achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency () of 0.53%, which is as good as the values of the control device fabricated on a commercial ITO electrode ( ¼ 0:48%). This indicates that the efficiency of the organic photovoltaic cells is critically affected by the injection of hydrogen gas during the deposition of IZO:H. The high quality IZO:H film developed herein is promising as an alternative to conventional ITO film.

Solution‐Processed Zinc Oxide as High‐Performance Air‐Stable Electron Injector in Organic Ambipolar Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors

“…Of course when comparing ZnO and InZnO one also has to take into account possible differences in the energy levels of the two materials. The differences between ZnO and InZnO when used in the F8BT FETs are likely due to the slightly increased work‐function and electron affinity of InZnO 35. However, because of Fermi level pinning and the resulting interface dipole that builds up when using ZnO, this may not lead to an energy barrier increase for electron injection when using InZnO, which is believed to not yield a dipole.…”

Effects of Ag layer and ZnO top layer thicknesses on the physical properties of ZnO/Ag/Zno multilayer system

“…Zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been broadly investigated for their use as transparent electrodes [1], film bulk acoustic wave resonators [2], surface acoustic wave devices [3], anode material for lithium-ion batteries [4] and gas sensors [5] because of their non-toxicity [6], low cost [7], material abundance [8], high stability against hydrogen plasma and heat cycling [9].…”

High Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency of Metal Phthalocyanine/Fullerene Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device

“…Several other substitute conducting materials have been developed for application as the anode in organic electronic devices. These include transparent conducting oxide (TCO) [ 68 – 70 ], conducting polymers [ 71 ], carbon nanotubes [ 72 – 75 ], and grapheme [ 26 , 76 ]. For example, Schulze et al used aluminum doped zinc oxides (AZO) as the anode for small molecule OPV devices to achieve a PCE close to 3% [ 68 , 69 ].…”