Organic photodetectors based on supramolecular nanostructures

Abstract

Self-assembly of semiconducting (macro)molecules enables the development of materials with tailored-made properties which could be used as active components for optoelectronics applications. Supramolecular nanostructures combine the merits of soft matter and crystalline materials: They are flexible yet highly crystalline, and they can be processed with low-cost solution methods. Photodetectors are devices capable to convert a light input into an electrical signal. To achieve high photoresponse, the photogenerated charge carriers should be transported efficiently through the self-assembled nanostructures to reach the electrodes; this can be guaranteed via optimal π-electron overlapping between adjacent conjugated molecules. Moreover, because of the high surface-to-bulk ratio, supramolecular nanostructures are prone to enhance exciton dissociation. These qualities make supramolecular nanostructures perfect platforms for photoelectric conversion. This review highlights the most enlightening recent strategies developed for the fabrication of high-performance photodetectors based on supramolecular nanostructures. We introduce the key figure-of-merit parameters and working mechanisms of organic photodetectors based on single components and p-n heterojunctions. In particular, we describe new methods to devise unprecedented planar and vertical devices to ultimately realize highly integrated and flexible photodetectors. The incorporation of ordered mesoscopic supramolecular nanostructures into macroscopic optoelectronic devices will offer great promise for the next generation of multifunctional and multiresponsive devices.

Functionalization of Low‐k Polyimide Gate Dielectrics with Self‐Assembly Monolayer Toward High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Circuits

“…As one of the most important electronic devices, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have broad application prospects in flexible electronics, information storage, biomedical fields, and large-area flat-panel and flexible displays. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] An important premise of the application implementation mentioned above is to use organic integrated circuits (ICs) as the hub, which requires the dielectric materials with low dielectric constant (ε). The reason could be explained that the leakage current, parasitic capacitance, circuit dissipation, resistance-capacitance delay, circuit heating issue, and cross-talk line noise in organic ICs could be effectively reduced by using low-k dielectric materials.…”

Organic thin film transistors‐based biosensors

“…Furthermore, interface modification 36 significantly affect the electrical characteristics as well as improve the performance of OTFTs. Moreover, the optimization of smart materials, [101][102][103] and new techniques will improve the fabrication process of reliable and portable OTFTs-based biosensors.…”

Recent Advances in Y6‐Based Semiconductors: Performance in Solar Cells, Crystallography, and Electronic Structure

“…Historically, the OPV literature of acceptor materials has been dominated by PCBM (1995), [9] next IDTT (2015), [10] and more recently Y6 (2019). [11] In 2019, the advent of Y6, which has the chemical name is 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9diundecyl-12,13-dihydro- [1,2,5]thiadiazolo [3,4-e]thieno [2",3'':4',5']thieno [2',3':4,5]pyrrolo [3,2-g]thieno [2',3':4,5]-thieno [3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile, dramatically improved PCEs to > 17 %, therefore challenging the limitation of fullerene-and IDTT-based OPVs [12] and now dominating the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) literature. More recent research developments mainly focus on chemical modifications of Y6 to enhance efficiency even further, [13] shed light on the device physics to understand cell operation mechanisms, [5,14] and engineering of the OPV architecture to further improve PCE and stabilize device performance.…”

“…These factors make them expensive and environmentally damaging for future generations to utilize. Solar energy is one of the most powerful renewable clean energy resources, [1] and can be efficiently collected by several types of devices, [2] including solar cells [3] . Compared with traditional inorganic semiconductors, [4] organic solar cells [5] based on solution‐processed photoactive layers comprising an organic/polymeric donor and a small molecule acceptor semiconductors sandwiched between two vertical metal/metal oxide electrodes, can efficiently produce electricity from solar energy.…”