Orcadian and Ultradian Variations of ACTH and Cortisol Secretion

Désir, Daniel; Cauter, Eve Van; Golstein, J.; Fang, Victor S.; Leclercq, R; Refetoff, Samuel; Copinschi, Georges

doi:10.1159/000179297

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

(45 reference statements)

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ACTH and glucocorticoid responses under two conditions of stress in macaques

Clarke

1991

American J Primatol

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Female macaques were tested under two different psychologically stressful situations in which plasma ACTH and glucocorticoid concentrations were measured. In the first, animals were operantly trained to enter a small transport cage over a four-week period, and plasma ACTH and glucocorticoids were measured in response to brief confinement in the cage before and after training. ACTH values were significantly lower in the pre-test (stress) condition when compared to those for the post-test, whereas the opposite result was found for glucocorticoid values. In the second experiment, blood samples were collected before and one hour after exposure to more acute and severe stress (restraint, venipuncture, handcapture, transport). Both ACTH and glucocorticoid values were significantly elevated from baseline a t the post-test sample. The differential relationship between the two hormones among the two experiments was likely the result of the specific timing and magnitude of the stress imposed by each test situation.

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ACTH and glucocorticoid responses under two conditions of stress in macaques

Clarke

1991

American J Primatol

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The relationship between socio‐sexual behavior and salivary cortisol in bonobos: tests of the tension regulation hypothesis

Hohmann

Mundry

Deschner

2008

American J Primatol

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Bonobos are known for their pacifistic behavior and their large repertoire of behaviors that are thought to serve conflict resolution. One is an unusual form of ventro-ventral mounting that facilitates genital contacts (GC). Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain its function. In this study we tested predictions of the tension regulation hypothesis using salivary cortisol as a marker for social stress. The results indicate a temporal relationship between GC and cortisol levels. Compared with baseline data and matched samples of unrestricted food access, rates of GC increased when access to food sources was restricted. Cortisol levels were highest when access to food was constrained. However, because the behavioral and hormonal responses occurred when viewing the stimulus at a distance and preceded the physical presence of the stimulus, we conclude that the anticipation of a competitive situation was sufficient to induce social stress. Contrary to our prediction, targets of aggression did not have higher rates of GC nor did they solicit GC more often than others. Furthermore, higher GC rates did not correlate with a more pronounced decrease in cortisol levels. Not all results obtained in this study supported the predictions concerning the regulatory function of GC on social tension and further research is needed to explore this question. However, the results indicate that the anticipation of competition may be sufficient to induce a costly physiological response, and that high levels of resource competition may have lasting effects on physical stress and stress management.

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Stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and cortisol patterns in working parents

2004

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Whether stress or psychological distress is associated with alterations in diurnal cortisol secretion patterns in healthy adults is still uncertain. In this study, the authors tested for associations between stress or symptoms of depression or anxiety and changes in diurnal cortisol patterns in 91 working parents (57 women and 34 men) across the United States. Saliva samples were collected for cortisol analysis at six timepoints over 2 days. The diurnal cortisol slope and time‐weighted average cortisol levels were analysed in relation to (1) two survey measures of stress, (2) diary reports of stress during cortisol sampling, and (3) self‐reported depression and anxiety. Cortisol slopes and average cortisol levels varied widely across individuals and within individuals across days. Only two of the 24 associations between stress or psychological symptoms and cortisol were significant at the p < 0.05 level; men with more severe symptoms of anxiety had significantly higher average cortisol levels and women who reported that work was more frequently stressful had significantly lower average cortisol levels. These results highlight the variability of diurnal cortisol secretion patterns in healthy adults and suggest that neither stress nor psychological symptomatology is a strong determinant of differences in diurnal cortisol patterns in healthy individuals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Orcadian and Ultradian Variations of ACTH and Cortisol Secretion

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

ACTH and glucocorticoid responses under two conditions of stress in macaques

ACTH and glucocorticoid responses under two conditions of stress in macaques

The relationship between socio‐sexual behavior and salivary cortisol in bonobos: tests of the tension regulation hypothesis

Stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and cortisol patterns in working parents

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