Oral immunization of mice with Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein synthesized in Escherichia coli induces anti-viral antibodies

Optimization of recombinant vaccine antigen dose in mouse model by ELISA and immunophenotyping

“…However, it is clear that choosing an optimum dose mainly depends on the type of antigen, type of its preparation, production and route of administration. Selection of antigens for immunization and coating (for ELISA) previous studies on recombinant antigens i.e., HBsAg, DENV and JEV support our study [11][12][13][14][15]. The humoral immune response in terms of antigen-specific IgG response amongst all groups with HBsAg, DENV and JEV has paved way for fixing the optimum dose for each of these antigens based on which, the subtypes IgG1 and IgG2a responses were measured in the same optimum concentrations.…”

Bacterially expressed and refolded envelope protein (domain III) of dengue virus type-4 binds heparan sulfate

“…However, most of the studies have not explored in vitro refolding of the protein, or if attempted refolding, failed to report biophysical and chemical characterization of the refolded protein [33]. Efforts to use denatured/non-refolded envelope protein as vaccine though elicited good antibody response but failed to offer protection [38]. Neutralizing epitopes on envelope protein are known to be conformation dependant [39], hence an ideal subunit vaccine using envelope protein need to be correctly folded.…”

Japanese Encephalitis, Recent Perspectives on Virus Genome, Transmission, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylactic Interventions

“…Co-administration of plasmid encoding cytokines IL-2 and granulocyte-macrophage-colonystimulating factor along with DNA vaccine enhanced the level of protection in mice against JEV (Bharati et al, 2005). In addition, recombinant E protein vaccines with expression vectors like Escherichia coli (Saini & Vrati, 2003;Rauthan et al, 2004) and baculovirus (Yang et al, 2005) were attempted. Vaxfectin and poly-gamma-glutamic acid nanoparticles (Okamoto et al, 2008) were used as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccine in animal models on which later was found to be a safe adjuvant for JE vaccine.…”