Oral fluid testing for cannabis: On-site OraLine® IV s.a.t. device versus GC/MS

Cirimele, Vincent; Villain, Marion; Mura, Patrick; Marc, Bernard; Kintz, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.01.020

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As with earlier data from our country in which frequent consumption of drugs among drivers [18], and particularly of cannabis was shown, as well as a frequent detection of cannabis in drivers killed in road traffic accidents [19], cannabis and driving is a real problem that needs the development of appropriate countermeasures. Recent reports of a noticeable increase of cannabis, cocaine and amphetamine consumption among young French drivers killed in traffic accidents add to the urgency [20] The development of a reliable system to detect drugs/ cannabis in oral fluid [21,22] and the establishment of cut-offs based on scientific data [23][24][25], could allow the development of appropriate legislative and enforcement measures [26]. It has also been reported that increasing the certainty of punishment would reduce driving under the influence of cannabis, while providing information about the risk associated with such behavior has little effect [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and driving: Results from a general population survey

Álvarez

Fierro

Rio

2007

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of illicit drugs on driving, and particularly of cannabis and driving, is the object of increasing awareness. While there is increasing evidence of their effect on psychomotor performance and increased risk of involvement in traffic accidents, limited information is available concerning factors that can predict the likelihood of driving under the influence of cannabis. The present study aims to determine the past year prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis, and of being a passenger in a vehicle driven by a person under the influence of cannabis, as well as to examine the correlations with a broad range of potential risk factors. A total of 2500 people, aged between 14 and 70 and living in Castille and Leon (Spain), were surveyed in 2004 with regard to their consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs. Among those who reported cannabis use in the previous year, further assessment was carried out. 15.7% of those surveyed reported cannabis consumption in the previous 12 months, of whom 9.7% reported driving a vehicle under the influence of cannabis during this period, on average eight times. One out of five (19.9%) reported being a passenger in a vehicle driven by a person under the influence of cannabis, on average five times in the previous 12 months. The predictors of driving under the influence of cannabis were the population size of community, the number of drugs consumed, reference to cannabis-related problems and to being a passenger in a vehicle driven by a person under the influence of alcohol. The data show that cannabis consumption and driving is common, and requires more attention from policy makers. #

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis and driving: Results from a general population survey

Álvarez

Fierro

Rio

2007

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Oral fluid is an increasingly popular matrix to use in drug testing for a number of reasons, including its noninvasive collection, reduced risk of adulteration, a shorter window of detection and thus a more useful indicator of very recent ingestion than urine [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have found that these devices often have difficulty collecting consistent volumes of oral fluid and accurate quantification of THC can be challenging [2,3]. Expectoration is also problematic due to issues such as 'dry mouth' and foaming but it is still a viable collection technique, especially since it is the only way to analyse an accurate volume of oral fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of spiked Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid from polypropylene containers

Molnár

Lewis

2013

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oral fluid is currently used by Australian and international law enforcement agencies and employers to detect recent use of cannabis and other drugs of abuse. The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is highly lipophilic and losses occur when in contact with plastic, possibly due to its adsorption onto the plastic surface. This study aims to investigate factors governing the interaction of THC with plastic and search for ways of overcoming such interaction so to improve THC recovery. As polypropylene is one of the most common types of plastic used in collection devices, it was the focus of this study.All experiments were done by preparing neat oral fluid samples spiked with THC in 2-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes. Samples were transferred with or without prior addition of Triton ® X-100 (0.25%) to glass tubes containing d 3 -THC as internal standard and 0.1 M phosphate buffer was then added. Samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1 v/v), dried and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatisation. No significant difference was found in terms of THC loss to plastic when the concentration ranged from 25-1000 ng/mL in the same volume of oral fluid.Varying the oral fluid volume (0.5-1.5 mL) while keeping THC at a constant concentration showed an upward trend with more loss associated with lower volumes. The use of Triton ® X-100 significantly decreased the adherence of THC to the plastic tubes and increased the THC transfer (>96%) at all volumes tested. Degradation of THC during storage was also studied over a 4-week period and it was found that azide did not seem to play a significant role in preserving THC in oral fluid.

show abstract

“…Différents auteurs ont testé la fiabilité des tests salivaires [7][8][9][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. L'étude européenne Rosita-2 a évalué les tests salivaires [15] …”

Section: éValuation Des Tests Salivairesunclassified

Utilisation des tests rapides de détection de drogues dans la salive au bord de la route et en santé au travail

Verstraete¹,

Labat

2009

Ann Toxicol Anal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Résumé -Depuis une dizaine d'années, des tests de détection rapide de drogues dans la salive sont utilisés au bord de la route, au début surtout dans le cadre d'études d'évaluation de leurs performances, mais depuis 2004 certains pays comme l'Australie, la Finlande et la France les ont incorporés dans leur procédure officielle de détection de conduite sous influence. Beaucoup de molécules (à l'exception des benzodiazépines) sont présentes dans la salive à des concentrations plus élevées que dans le sang, mais on y retrouve principalement les molécules mères. D'autre part, les seuils de détection sont plus bas que dans les urines. Le recueil de la salive réalisable par différentes méthodes est une étape importante et l'on sait actuellement que les concentrations salivaires dépendent de cette méthode de recueil. Par exemple, certaines drogues comme le THC se lient au coton utilisé pour le prélèvement et ceci peut être à l'origine de résultats faussement négatifs. Ceci illustre qu'il n'est pas facile de développer un test fiable de détection des drogues dans la salive, et les évaluations dans le cadre des études Rosita et Rosita-2 ont démontré que leur sensibilité et spécificité sont perfectibles. En Europe, les tests salivaires rapides sont encore très peu utilisés en santé au travail. En Australie et en Nouvelle Zélande, de nouvelles recommandations apparaissent dans les programmes de surveillance incluant l'utilisation des tests salivaires. Aux États-Unis, la section en santé au travail du Department of Health and Human Services a publié de nouvelles recommandations en 2004 qui ne sont actuellement toujours pas adoptées. Une étude de Cone et coll. [J Anal Toxicol. 2002 ; 26(8) : 541-546] chez des employés d'entreprises privées a montré que le pourcentage de positifs (5,1 %) n'est pas différent lorsqu'on analyse la salive (par ELISA) ou les urines. Les progrès dans le développement de tests salivaires sont relativement lents, mais on peut penser qu'ils auront un rôle de plus en plus important à l'avenir. Mots clés : Salive, immunotest, conduite automobile, santé au travailAbstract -Since about ten years, onsite drug tests are used at the roadside, in the beginning mainly for evaluation studies, but since 2004 certain countries and states like Australia, Finland and France have included them in their official procedure for detection of driving under the influence. Many molecules (with the exception of benzodiazepines) are present in oral fluid at higher concentrations than in blood, and mainly the unchanged drug is present in oral fluid. Sampling of saliva can be performed by different procedures and nowadays it is well known that the drug concentrations in oral fluid depend on the collection method. For instance, certain drugs like THC bind to the cotton used for sampling, which can cause false negative results. This illustrates that it is not easy to develop a reliable oral fluid drug test, and the evaluations in the framework of Rosita and Rosita-2 have shown that their sensitivity and specificity need to be i...

show abstract

Oral fluid testing for cannabis: On-site OraLine® IV s.a.t. device versus GC/MS

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Cannabis and driving: Results from a general population survey

Cannabis and driving: Results from a general population survey

Recovery of spiked Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid from polypropylene containers

Utilisation des tests rapides de détection de drogues dans la salive au bord de la route et en santé au travail

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About