Optimum Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines from Lignin Pyrolysis Oil

Gschwend, Dominik; Müller, Sebastian; Wokaun, Alexander; Vogel, Frédéric

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03472

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The demand for petroleum product and efficiency in energy conversion devices is increasing because of the increase in industrialization and modernization of the world. ,,,,− , The excessive use of fossil-derived fuels such as gasoline in spark ignition (SI) engines has been proven to have a negative effect on our environment, which affects our social well-being. , The concern on the increasing air pollution and climate change as a result of exhaust gas emissions has mandated the search for environmentally friendly fuel. ,− Also, considering the energy crises and pollution problems today, the use of gasoline and alcohol fuels blend as an alternative fuel in a gasoline engine is becoming necessary. − The oxygenate fuels sometimes come in the form of an additive and are being introduced into the main gasoline usually in percentage. ,, The use of fuel additives is being introduced to fuel because some additives improve the engine performance and reduce emissions such as smoke, CO, HC, NOx, SO 2 , and solid particles . Oxygenated fuel is used to improve fuel properties, combustion quality, and octane rating in an SI engine. ,,− The oxygenated fuels commonly used are ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol, etc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

et al. 2020

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In this research, the performance and emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition engine fuelled with varying proportion of propanol-camphor and gasoline blends were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, fire point, flash point, and iodine value (I.V.) of the blends were determined, and the values obtained conform to the ASTM standard. Sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5 g of camphor) had the best physicochemical property values higher than those of the least sample of P15B by the following percentages: specific gravity (0.5%), viscosity (30.8%), fire point (5.08%), flash point (21.8%), and I.V. sample (0.5%). Also, the engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and specific fuel consumption were generated from the engine-measured parameters. Sample P0B has the best specific fuel consumption for the torque of 3 N m with a value of 22.77 kg/kW h, and sample P0A (100% of pure gasoline) has the best fuel consumption for a torque of 6 N m with a value of 12.52 kg/kW h. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two constant torques with a value of 0.36 for torque 3 N m and 0.67 for torque 6 N m. Sample P15C (85% of gasoline, 15% of propanol, and 5 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at torque 3 N m with a value of 1.92 bar, and sample P5C (95% of gasoline, 5% of propanol, and 10 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at 6 N m with a value of 3.85 bar. Exhaust emissions were analyzed for unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The results showed that increasing the blending percentage reduces the emitted concentration of CO, HC, and NOx. Carbon monoxide emission was found to be lowest at sample P10A (90% of gasoline and 10% of propanol) for torque 3 N m with a value of 0.16, and at torque 6 N m, the sample with the lowest percentage was P15C with a percentage of 0.21.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

et al. 2020

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“…Lignocellulosic biomass has received increasing attention as a potential feedstock for renewable fuels and chemical production as a result of its abundant availability worldwide. − Lignin is a major component in lignocellulosic biomass, which is cross-linked by three main monomers (i.e., synapyl, coniferyl, and p -coumaryl alcohols). , Lignin is considered as an important feedstock for producing renewable aromatic biochemicals and biofuels. − However, because of its heterogeneous, complex, and highly branched polymeric structure, the valorization of lignin in biorefineries is very challenging. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Low- and High-Molecular-Weight Portions of Lignin during Fast Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures

Chua

2019

Energy Fuels

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This study investigates the interactions between low- and high-molecular-weight portions of lignin during fast pyrolysis at 100–300 °C. Lignin was extracted via tetrahydrofuran (THF) into the THF-soluble and -insoluble fractions, which represent the low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) portions of lignin, respectively. As pyrolysis temperature increases, the char yield of the LMW lignin decreases more significantly than that of the HMW lignin. During fast pyrolysis, the experimentally measured char yields from the whole lignin are consistently higher than those calculated from the respective char yields of the LMW and HMW portions via addition, increasing from ∼0.5 wt % at 100 °C to ∼10.7 wt % at 300 °C. Such char yield differences provide direct evidence on the existence of interactions between the LMW and HMW portions of lignin during fast pyrolysis of the whole lignin. The results suggest that the formation of the liquid intermediate phase from the LMW portion suppresses the release of volatiles from both the LMW and HMW portions, resulting in a higher char yield during fast pyrolysis of the whole lignin. Experimental results further show that such interactions also result in changes in lignin char structures (especially at temperatures of >150 °C) because of enhanced polymerization reactions of oxygenated functional groups and aromatic structures with fused rings of 2–5. As a result, more condensed char structures are formed, as evidenced by the decreased atomic O/C and H/C ratios for the chars produced from the whole lignin pyrolysis.

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“…Recently, two models for spark-ignition (SI) engines were presented in the literature: The first model is a zero-dimensional engine model, developed to calculate a fuel’s maximum engine efficiency considering knock limitation. The model has already been coupled with reaction network analysis to find the optimal upgrading of lignin pyrolysis oil . Moreover, the model has been applied to a detailed performance evaluation of 50 preselected fuel candidates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model has already been coupled with reaction network analysis to find the optimal upgrading of lignin pyrolysis oil. 38 Moreover, the model has been applied to a detailed performance evaluation of 50 preselected fuel candidates. 39 The second model is the engine efficiency merit function, 2,40 i.e., a correlation that predicts the relative engine efficiency increase compared to a base fuel, e.g., RON 95 gasoline, based on fuel properties, such as research octane number, octane sensitivity, and heat of vaporization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Design of Fuels for Maximum Spark-Ignition Engine Efficiency by Combining Predictive Thermodynamics and Machine Learning

et al. 2023

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Co-design of alternative fuels and future spark-ignition (SI) engines allows very high engine efficiencies to be achieved. To tailor the fuel's molecular structure to the needs of SI engines with very high compression ratios, computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) of renewable fuels has received considerable attention over the past decade. To date, CAMD for fuels is typically performed by computationally screening the physicochemical properties of single molecules against property targets. However, achievable SI engine efficiency is the result of the combined effect of various fuel properties, and molecules should not be discarded because of individual unfavorable properties that can be compensated for. Therefore, we present an optimization-based fuel design method directly targeting SI engine efficiency as the objective function. Specifically, we employ an empirical model to assess the achievable relative engine efficiency increase compared to conventional RON95 gasoline for each candidate fuel as a function of fuel properties. For this purpose, we integrate the automated prediction of various fuel properties into the fuel design method: Thermodynamic properties are calculated by COSMO-RS; combustion properties, indicators for environment, health and safety, and synthesizability are predicted using machine learning models. The method is applied to design pure-component fuels and binary ethanol-containing fuel blends. The optimal pure-component fuel tert-butyl formate is predicted to yield a relative efficiency increase of approximately 8% and the optimal fuel blend with ethanol and 3,4-dimethyl-3-propan-2-yl-1-pentene of 19%.

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Optimum Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines from Lignin Pyrolysis Oil

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

Effects of Propanol and Camphor Blended with Gasoline Fuel on the Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

Interactions between Low- and High-Molecular-Weight Portions of Lignin during Fast Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures

Molecular Design of Fuels for Maximum Spark-Ignition Engine Efficiency by Combining Predictive Thermodynamics and Machine Learning

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