Optimization Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Bioactive Compound and Antibacterial Potential from Sea Urchin (Diadema Setosum)

Abstract

Sea urchins can be used in medicine, has potential as a new type of antibiotic to developed in the pharmaceutical field, which is rich in bioactive compounds as a steroid, triterpenoids, saponins, and antioxidant properties. Conventional extraction generally takes a long time, is less environmentally friendly, and potentially triggers bioactive compound damage, so it needs alternative methods such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). The extracting technology, including ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent variation (ethyl acetate and methanol) of bioactive compounds from sea urchin (Diadema setosum) were optimized and compared. The purpose of this study was to study the application of UAE and solvent variation methods for sea urchin extraction from the Barrang Lompo Island in South Sulawesi. Comparing the maceration and ultrasonic assisted extraction methods. Optimization of extraction with UAE was carried out on the variable of extraction duration and type of solvent. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry results show that ultrasound-assisted extraction generally produces compounds of CHOLEST-5-EN-3-OL (3. BETA.), palmitic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester, stearic acid, oleic acid, flavonoids, phenols, pentadecanoic acid and batilol and streoid, which has a function as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-cancer agents and antibacterial. The results showed the best results using ultrasound-assisted extraction with a duration of 30 minutes and using solvent ethyl acetate. These results implied that extracts obtained by sonication showed the highest bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, thus proving that this activity depends directly on the antibacterial properties.

Effect of Extraction Time on the Bioactive Compounds of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…This was carried out using Shimadzu 2010 GC-MS and RTX-5 capillary column (30 mm 0.25 mm  0.25 µm) with a split ratio of 40:1 and a temperature of 70 o C, heating rate of 10 o C min -1 , up to 300 o C, maintained for 5 min with a total analysis time of 25 min. Helium was used as a carrier gas flowing constantly at 1.0 ml/min and the temperature of the inlet was 280 o C, pre-column pressure was 80 kPa, and ionization voltage of 70 eV 16 .…”

Compounds identified from the marine Sea Urchin (Diadema savignyi) as Potential Anti-Cancer Drug Candidate against Human Colorectal Cancer: A Bioinformatics Approaches

“…The motion phase or commonly known as the gas carrier is selected according to the results of the analysis of the sample to be examined. He (Helium) was used in this study with a Principal level of 99.99%, and temperatures kept between 70 and 280 °C or UHP (Ultra High Purity) [17]. In the initial column oven run, the temperature was set to 50°C for 1 minute, then 200°C for 2 minutes, then 300°C for 7 minutes, with a 45-minute total run time.…”

Dangke: Local Indigenous Cheese from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Indonesia

“…Most of the compounds identified were beneficial to health and physiologically significant, as indicated in Table 2. Oleic acid Anti-tumour, anti-cancer agents, antioxidant, [14] Squalene Pleiotropic properties, Decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides [19] Cholesterol acetate/Acetic acid cholesterol ester Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity [16] Tributin Anticarcinogenic actions [20]…”