Effect of Extraction Time on the Bioactive Compounds of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Traditional medical systems have always been played an important role in meeting global healthcare needs. Meanwhile, bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a vegetable that contains health-promoting secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study aims to determine the bioactive compounds profiling of Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) fruit extracts in methanol and chloroform using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with variations in extraction time of 10, 20, and 30 min using GC-MS RTX-5 capillary column. A total of 91 compounds were tentatively identified, with 55 found in methanol and 41 in chloroform extract. The 1:2 (v/v) ratio using methanol solvent at 30 min was suggested as the most suitable time for maximum extraction. Several peaks with high area percentages were discovered in the methanolic extract containing key chemical constituents such as stearic, oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acid, as well as gamma sitosterol, and Phenol,2, Meanwhile, the corresponding constituents from chloroform extract include Tetracontane, Dotriacontane, Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis, esters, and aromatic derivatives. Most of the bioactive compounds were detected between 20-30 min time of extraction. Moreover, fatty acids, methyl and ethyl esters, as well as sterols represent 40% of the total extracts and were dominated by oleic, and palmitic acid, gamma-sitosterol along with its ethyl and methyl esters. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents and antioxidants for utilization in pharmacognosy.