Optimization of use of waste in the future energy system

Abstract

Alternative uses of waste for energy production become increasingly interesting when considered from two perspectives, that of waste management and the energy system perspective. This paper presents the results of an enquiry into the use of waste in a future energy system. The analysis was performed using the energy system analysis model, Balmorel.The study is focused on Germany and the Nordic countries and demonstrates the optimization of both investments and production within the energy systems. The results present cost optimization excluding taxation concerning the use of waste for energy production in Denmark in a 2025 scenario with 48% renewable energy. Investments in a range of waste conversion technologies are facilitated, including waste incineration, co-combustion with coal, anaerobic digestion, and gasification. The most economically feasible solutions are found to be incineration of mixed waste, anaerobic digestion of organic waste, and gasification of part of the potential refuse derived fuel for combined heat and power production, while the remaining part is cocombusted with coal. Co-combustion mainly takes place in new coal-fired *

System and market integration of wind power in Denmark

“…This issue has been researched for a long period of time in different terms [4][5][6] [7,8] [9,10]. Elements of this research include flexibility in the production system, flexibility in demand [11] [12,13], flexibility by using storage systems [14], impacts on the grid [15][16][17][18] and improved integration between energy sectors, as deliberated in a series of articles [19][20][21][22][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Holistic energy systems analyses encompassing both technologies with a fluctuating nature and technologies adding flexibility [33][34][35] [36][37][38][39][40][41] also present work which may effectively be labelled smart grids, but as argued more explicitly in [42], there is a need for a transition to smart energy systems, not just smart grids, and framework conditions including market constructs need to adapt to the needs of more flexible systems [43].…”

Indonesia’s Municipal Solid Waste 3R and Waste to Energy Programs

“…The first is the method of changing waste into heat energy (Incineration, pyrolysis and gasification), the second is the method of changing waste through biochemicals and the last is land filling that converts LFG into electrical energy. Another study by Münster, et al [14], optimized the use of waste for the future of energy in Denmark. This research was motivated by a European Union (EU) agreement that in 2016 members of the EU are required to reduce their biodegradable waste in landfill by at least 35% of their waste in 1995, increase waste recycling by at least 50% of the total weight of waste.…”

The impact of CO2-costs on biogas usage

“…To our knowledge, Combtech has only been used in one paper, [5], where it is used to evaluate how waste should be used in the energy system. Combtech can combine two technologies, a primary technology and a secondary technology, with similar characteristics, e.g.…”

“…Biogas has been applied in other analyses on systems optimisation-in particular on the issue of waste as a fuel [3,4,5]. Biogas is often one fuel out of many and seldom turn out to be the preferred fuel as seen in e.g.…”