Optimization of ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of six antidepressants in human plasma using experimental design

Fernández, P.; Taboada, V.; Regenjo, M.; Morales, L.; Àlvarez, Ivàn Villarmea; Carro, A.M.; Lorenzo, R.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.041

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Precision was assessed in Surine™ QC samples spiked with the analytes at three different concentration levels (50, 250, and 500 ng/mL) and analyzing five replicates, one on the same day for intraday precision and six on three consecutive days for interday precision. As can be seen in Table , RSDs never exceeded 15.1%, which is quite an acceptable value and similar to those for microextraction in combination with UV or MS detection .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…For many years, LLE and SPE were the most widely used techniques for extracting and preconcentrating antidepressants from biological samples. In recent years, however, miniaturized versions including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) have emerged as straightforward, expeditious alternatives substantially reducing solvent and sample volumes, and extraction times. MEPS allows sample processing, extraction and injection to be performed at once in a fully automated manner with no loss of efficiency or sensitivity relative to SPE by connecting an on‐line/at line sampling/injecting device to a gas or liquid chromatograph .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine

Fuentes

Fernández

Fernández³

et al. 2019

J of Separation Science

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The growing use of antidepressants in recent years has led to their increasing presence in forensic analyses. In this work, microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection provided a fast method for determining the antidepressants mirtazapine, venlafaxine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline in human urine. The microextraction conditions (viz., type of sorbent, number of draw-eject extraction cycles or strokes, sample volume and pH, and type and volume of washing solution and eluent) were optimized by using an experimental design. The ensuing analytical method was validated in terms of linearity (25-1000 ng/mL urine), limit of detection (lower than 7.1 ng/mL), limit of quantification (25 ng/mL), precision (4.7-15.1% as relative standard deviation), and accuracy (80.4-126.1% as mean recovery for four replicate determinations). The proposed method allowed the six target antidepressants to be determined at concentrations from therapeutic to toxic levels. The application to small volumes (300 μL) of urine afforded fast extraction of the analytes and provided results on a par with those of existing clinical and forensic alternatives. K E Y W O R D Santidepressants, experimental design, microextraction, packed sorbents, urine

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine

Fuentes

Fernández

Fernández³

et al. 2019

J of Separation Science

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“…DLLME has been widely applied in the field of forensic toxicology for the determination of pesticide and their metabolites, drugs of abuse, benzodiazepines, narcotics and psychotropic substances, cannabinoids, toxic alkaloids, butylin compounds, over‐the‐counter drug, etc. [13,16,20–27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and rapid analysis of acetaminophen in human autopsy samples by vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐thin layer chromatography‐image analysis

Jain

Kumari

2020

Separation Science Plus

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In the present work, we describe a simple, rapid, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly and high‐sample‐throughput analytical method based on coupling vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with thin layer chromatography analysis for quantitative determination of acetaminophen in whole human blood and tissues of stomach and liver. Followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, 20 μL of sedimented phase (chloroform) was spotted on a thin layer chromatography plate and developed with mobile phase of chloroform: acetone (8:2, v/v). The developed plate was photographed under ultraviolet chamber at 254 nm and the image was processed for quantification of spots using freely available ImageJ software. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 7.74–8.33 and 23.4–25.2 μg/spot, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 30–300 μg/spot with a coefficient of determination of 0.996 and 0.998 in blood and tissue, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of acetaminophen in autopsy samples from a case of acetaminophen overdose. The method does not require any sophisticated high‐end instrumentation and can be routinely applied for determination of acetaminophen in complex biological samples in resource‐limited laboratories.

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“…Moreover, they are the optimal technique for thermolabile compounds, where at the same time, it is possible to prepare multiple (up to 40) samples. The application of the microwave-assisted extraction as an isolation technique provides a significant decrease in the required time of extraction as suggested by Wietecha-Posłuszny et al [17], who have used MAE extraction in a new screening methodology for the identification of 30 psychoactive drugs, including antidepressants [8,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective extraction methodology for the isolation of antidepressants from human blood

2020

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The objective of this study is to choose the best methodology containing a high-efficiency extraction technique and an extraction agent for the isolation of antidepressants, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine, from human blood samples. In this research, various extraction agents have been examined to achieve the highest efficiency of the conducted process. Moreover, the following most available extraction techniques have been investigated and compared: liquid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The obtained extracts have been analysed with the application of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The conducted research has confirmed that the microwave-assisted extraction with ethyl acetate-the average extraction efficiency is 77.4 ± 2.7%-onstitute the most promising extraction method and the agent. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the whole blood samples collected from patients treated with the analysed drugs. It should be emphasised that choice of extraction and solvent methods are the first steps to develop the methods allowing for determination of antidepressants in whole blood for toxicological and clinical purposes.

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Optimization of ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of six antidepressants in human plasma using experimental design

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine

Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine

Simple and rapid analysis of acetaminophen in human autopsy samples by vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐thin layer chromatography‐image analysis

Effective extraction methodology for the isolation of antidepressants from human blood

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