Optimization of total phenolic contents, antioxidant, andin-vitroxanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of sunflower head

Abstract

Sunflower head (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae) is a residual by-product generated during the production of sunflower seed oil and contains a considerable amount of bioactive components. The aim of the present study was to determine and optimize extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of SH. The solute solvent ratio showed a significant effect on yield, TPC, antioxidant activities and XOD inhibition. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed for optimization of extraction parameters (yield, TPC and antioxidant activities). The statistical findings for optimized conditions reveal that the best extraction of SH was obtained with the following parameters: ethanol (54.5%), temperature (72.3°C) and time (138.8 min). This present study may help in the industrial extraction process; moreover, further deep studies are required to optimize sequential steps to increase the efficacy. Optimización del contenido fenólico total, actividad antioxidante e inhibidora de la xantina oxidasa in-vitro de la cabeza de girasol RESUMEN La cabeza del girasol (Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae) es un subproducto residual que se genera durante la producción de aceite de semilla de girasol. Contiene una cantidad considerable de componentes bioactivos. El presente estudio se propuso determinar y optimizar las condiciones de extracción para el contenido fenólico total (TPC), las actividades antioxidantes (DPPH, ABTS y FRAP) y la actividad inhibidora de la xantina oxidasa (XOD) propios de la cabeza de girasol (SH). Se comprobó que la ratio de soluto a solvente produce un efecto significativo en el rendimiento, el TPC, las actividades antioxidantes y la inhibición de la XOD. Empleando el diseño Box-Behnken (BBD) se optimizaron los parámetros de extracción (rendimiento, TPC y actividades antioxidantes). Una vez logradas las condiciones optimizadas los resultados estadísticos muestran que la mejor extracción de SH se obtuvo bajo los siguientes parámetros: etanol (54.5%), temperatura (72.3°C) y duración (138.8 min). El presente estudio puede resultar útil para el proceso de extracción industrial. Sin embargo, se requiere la realización de estudios adicionales a fin de optimizar los pasos secuenciales necesarios para elevar la eficacia.

Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Phytochemical Compounds and Anti‐Gout Activity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Ara Tanah) Using Response Surface Methodology and Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS) Analysis

“…It can be seen that solid-to-liquid ratio gave greater impact on the XO inhibitory activity of E. hirta regardless of the temperature used. is was in agreement with Mehmood et al [49] who also showed that the solute solvent ratio gave a significant effect on XO inhibition.…”

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plants at Various Growth Stages Subjected to Extraction—Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile

“…The TPC of the aerial parts of sunflowers (Table 1) was 1.1-1.8 and 2.3-3.8 times higher, respectively (the dry weight was taken into account in the latter case). It was also significantly higher than the TPC found for extracts of other sunflower by-products-mature heads with the seeds removed [38]. The TPC of the aforementioned extracts, obtained with a different solid-to-aqueous ethanol ratio, was 4.64-13.55 mg GAE/g.…”

Antihyperuricemic effect of dietary polyphenol sinapic acid commonly present in various edible food plants

“…The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity of SA was determined according to the method of Mehmood et al (2018).…”

“…Natural products, enriched with numerous bioactive compounds which further decrease the risk of the onset of many diseases including hyperuricemia (Gawlik-Dziki, Dziki, Swieca, & Nowak, 2017;Hou, Lee, Hung, Fu, & Jeng, 2012;Jhang et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2018;Lin, Yang, Zhao, & Zhao, 2018;Lin, Zhang, Liao, Pan, & Gong, 2015;Mehmood et al, 2018;Mehmood, Ishaq, Zhao, Safdar, et al, 2019a;Mehmood, Ishaq, Zhao, Yaqoob, et al, 2019b;Mehmood, Zhao, Chengtao, et al, 2019;Mehmood, Zhao, Wang, Hossen, Nadeem, 2019;Nile & Park, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015;Zhao, Chen, & Wu, 2017). Sinapic acid (SA; 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is a phenolic acid commonly present in edible plants (e.g., lemon, orange, mango, apple, strawberries, raspberries, onion, broccoli, garlic, rice, and oats, etc.)…”