Optimization of the Growth Conditions for High Quality CH3NH3PbBr3 Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals

Amari, Smaïl; Verilhac, Jean‐Marie; d’Aillon, Eric Gros; Ibanez, Alain; Zaccaro, Julien

doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01429

Cited by 33 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…By this method, a clear improvement in crystal quality is reached with higher transparency (≈80%), minimized internal strains, and a low dislocation density in the range of 10 4 -10 5 cm -2 . [29] We show here the general electrical behavior of single-crystal perovskite samples of MAPbBr 3 with thickness of ≈1 mm, symmetrically contacted with Cr electrodes (for sample details, see Supporting Information and Experimental Section). By examining Figure 1, one can infer that the current-voltage: I-V characteristics exhibit an approximate ohmic response within the selected voltage range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single‐crystal MAPbBr 3 were prepared following the growth methodology detailed in a previous work. [ 29 ] Single crystals obtained have been characterized by cross‐polarized light, surface chemical etching to reveal dislocations, and X‐ray diffraction (FWHM with an average of 28.3 arcseconds). By this method, a clear improvement in crystal quality is reached with higher transparency (≈80%), minimized internal strains, and a low dislocation density in the range of 10 4 –10 5 cm –2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystal Preparation: Self-supported CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 single crystals were fabricated using the inverse temperature protocol in dimethylformamide (DMF), and following the growth methodology detailed in a previous work. [29] Bare crystals have square shape with typical lateral dimensions of 5 × 5 mm² and a thickness of 2 mm. Crystals with different thicknesses ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 mm were subsequently fabricated by using a first rough mechano-chemical polishing and by decreasing progressively the sand paper roughness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving Ions Vary Electronic Conductivity in Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals through Dynamic Doping

García-Batlle

Baussens

Amari

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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encountered in solar cell engineering. One of them is caused by the presence of mobile ions and how these species alter the internal electrical field, interact with the contact materials, or modulate electronic properties. [3-6] Upon biasing, charged moving ions accumulate in the vicinity of the outer interfaces causing electrical field partial shielding. [7-9] It has also been reported how intrinsic defects chemically react with the electrodes giving rise to losses in performance and device instabilities. [10,11] The occurrence of polarized interfaces in hybrid perovskite-based electronic devices was proposed [12] as an explaining mechanism for the measured excess capacitance at low frequencies. In dark conditions, mobile ions pile up at outer interfaces forming double layer-like structures in the vicinity of the perovskite/contact interface. [13,14] Excess dark capacitance of order 1-10 μF cm −2 can be readily explained in this way. In addition to purely electrostatic approaches for the interfacial phenomena, it is known that chemical reactions between mobile ions and contacting materials might give rise to the formation of dipole-like structures. [15,16] Also, deviations from stable electrical characteristics (i.e., hysteresis in current density-voltage J-V or non-ohmic response) have previously been correlated with the dynamics of migrating ions that interact with the contacts. [14,15,17] A survey about the chemical reactivity of the perovskite/contact materials can be found elsewhere. [14] In this sense, the kinetics of electrode charging may be understood not only Metal halide perovskite single crystals are being explored as functional materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications. Among others, solar cells, field-effect transistors, and X-and γ-ray detectors have shown improved performance and stability. However, a general uncertainty exists about the relevant mechanisms governing the electronic operation. This is caused by the presence of mobile ions and how these defect species alter the internal electrical field, interact with the contact materials, or modulate electronic properties. Here, a set of high-quality thick methylammonium lead tribromide single crystals contacted with low-reactivity chromium electrodes are analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. Through examination of the sample resistance evolution with bias and releasing time, it is revealed that an interplay exists between the perovskite electronic conductivity and the defect distribution within the crystal bulk. Ion diffusion after bias removing changes the local doping density then governing the electronic transport. These findings indicate that the coupling between ionic and electronic properties relies upon a dynamic doping effect caused by moving ions that act as mobile dopants. In addition to electronic features, the analysis extracts values for the ion diffusivity in the range of 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 in good agreement with other independent measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving Ions Vary Electronic Conductivity in Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals through Dynamic Doping

García-Batlle

Baussens

Amari

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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“…The presence of defects is far from being unreasonable and dislocation densities of 10 5 cm −2 have been evidenced even in high‐quality MAPbBr 3 crystals. [ 8 ] By comparison, MAPI crystals are known to be brittle, [ 9 ] often crumbling during manipulation or cleaving due to asymmetric internal stress that facilitates the propagation of cracks and dislocations in the crystals. [ 10 ] Our hypothesis can be tested by comparing crystals of different sizes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals”: Eppur Non si Muove: A Critical Evaluation of Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals

2021

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A recent report by Cahen and co‐workers is examined that finds the diffusion constant for proton migration in methylammonium lead triiodide single crystals to be 2 × 105‐fold greater than that previously reported by Sadhu et al. By comparing the conversion of single crystals versus microcrystalline samples, it is concluded that proton diffusion in macroscopic single crystals is accelerated by the presence of defects acting as high‐diffusivity paths.

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Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics

Capitaine

Sciacca

2021

Advanced Materials

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Lead halide perovskite solar cells have been gaining more and more interest. In only a decade, huge research efforts from interdisciplinary communities enabled enormous scientific advances that rapidly led to energy conversion efficiency near that of record silicon solar cells, at an unprecedented pace. However, while for most materials the best solar cells were achieved with single crystals (SC), for perovskite the best cells have been so far achieved with polycrystalline (PC) thin films, despite the optoelectronic properties of perovskite SC are undoubtedly superior. Here, by taking as example monocrystalline methylammonium lead halide, the authors elaborate the literature from material synthesis and characterization to device fabrication and testing, to provide with plausible explanations for the relatively low efficiency, despite the superior optoelectronics performance. In particular, the authors focus on how solar cell performance is affected by anisotropy, crystal orientation, surface termination, interfaces, and device architecture. It is argued that, to unleash the full potential of monocrystalline perovskite, a holistic approach is needed in the design of next‐generation device architecture. This would unquestionably lead to power conversion efficiency higher than those of PC perovskites and silicon solar cells, with tremendous impact on the swift deployment of renewable energy on a large scale.

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Optimization of the Growth Conditions for High Quality CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Moving Ions Vary Electronic Conductivity in Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals through Dynamic Doping

Moving Ions Vary Electronic Conductivity in Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals through Dynamic Doping

Comment on “Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals”: Eppur Non si Muove: A Critical Evaluation of Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals

Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics

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