Optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from Muntingia calabura peels and cytotoxic and antiproliferative evaluation by the Allium cepa test

Abstract

Objective and Methods The purpose of this article was to compare the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from Muntingia calabura peel using conventional methodology and ultrasound assistance, in addition, to verify the best extraction conditions, varying the drying temperature of the peels, time and solvents, and then to verify the cytotoxic and antiproliferative action of M. calabura extracts by Allium cepa. Results and Conclusions It was verified through the analysis of total phenolic compounds, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) and iron reduction capacity that the best conditions were ultrasonic extraction, with a temperature of 50 °C, 50% aqueous ethanol solution and extraction time of 60 min. Regarding the quantification of total phenolic compounds (TPC), ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in calabura peel, there was a variation of 571.33–1444.67 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) 100 g−1 dry peel for TPC, 19.36–115.74 mg Trolox 100 g−1 for ABTS and 306.73–1608.97 for FRAP. Regarding the cytotoxic effect on root growth of A. cepa, it was found that both conventional and ultrasound‐assisted extraction had an effect on onion root growth. In addition, together with the results of the analyzed cells and the literature, it can be verified that M. calabura peels also have an antiproliferative effect. This effect is due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds found in the analyzed extracts; such bioactive compounds are responsible for inhibiting cell division in meristematic cells. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Extraction of bioactive compounds in Muntingia calabura peels and identification using DI‐ESI‐MS

“…In this work, the researchers chose to carry out only the analysis of antioxidants using the FRAP method, since the results of previous works with calabura peels were taken into account, where the FRAP method had the majority values 25 …”

Optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative activity from goji berry and assessment of kinetic models

“…Among the solvents used, ethanol is efficient in the extraction of phenolic compounds from several matrices, presenting high efficiency, and it is an alternative to toxic solvents. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In addition to the solvent, other factors may influence the quality and yield of the extract, such as method, temperature and extraction time. 13,[22][23][24] High times and temperatures contribute to mass transfer and decrease viscosity by improving extraction, but may cause degradation of compounds.…”

“…It must be chosen according to the polarity and structure of the compound in the matrix that is to be extracted. Among the solvents used, ethanol is efficient in the extraction of phenolic compounds from several matrices, presenting high efficiency, and it is an alternative to toxic solvents 15‐21 …”

“…In addition to the solvent, other factors may influence the quality and yield of the extract, such as method, temperature and extraction time 13,22‐24 . High times and temperatures contribute to mass transfer and decrease viscosity by improving extraction, but may cause degradation of compounds 25‐27 …”