The behavior of the benzene distribution in six gasoline fractions is described. A parametric equation adequately reflecting the experimental data is obtained. The energies of benzene complexes with hydrocarbons are determined by means of a quantum calculation.The sharpness of the distillation-separation of crude oils, gas condensates, and their mixtures is one of the main indicators of the operational efficiency of rectification columns, characterizes their ability to separate the feedstock, and determines the concentration of the target components in the fractions distilled from crude oil.In application to rectification of crude oil mixtures the separation sharpness is ordinarily characterized by the purity of the fractions which are removed, i.e., their content of components whose boiling temperature falls outside the temperature range where the collected fraction is distilled off, as well as by the removal of fractions from those potentially available. As an indirect indicator of the sharpness of the separation of crude oil into fractions, the superposition of the boiling temperature of neighboring fractions and the percentage of the superposition of one fraction on another are often used in practice.In commercial practice, ordinarily, super-stringent requirements are not imposed on the sharpness of rectification, since the production of very pure components or very narrow fractions requires substantial capital and operating investments.It has been established that the number of contact steps and the ratio of the flows of liquid and vapor phases have a large effect on the separativity. To obtain products with a prescribed quality, together with maintaining definite parameters in the rectification column (pressure, temperature, and others) and maintaining the optimal height for feeding the feedstock, it is necessary to have a sufficient number N of trays (or column packing height) and the appropriate refux R and vapor V numbers. The number of trays in a column is determined by the height of its concentration and distillation parts as well as the distance between the trays or the height of the vapor phase above the reflux.
202The reflux ratio characterizes the liquid and vapor flows in the concentration part of the column:
L/D R =where L and D are the amounts of the reflux and distillate product.The vapor ratio characterizes the ratio of the contacting flows of vapor and liquid in the distillation section of the column:where G and W are the amounts of vapor and distillation product.The number of trays in a column (or the height of the column packing) is determined by the number NT of the theoretical trays that give the prescribed separation sharpness with the adopted reflux and vapor ratios as well as by the effectiveness of the contact facility. The latter is ordinarily expressed by the efficiency of real trays or the specific height of the packing corresponding to a single theoretical tray. Evidently, decreasing the number of trays in a column increases the operating losses associated with the energy expendit...