Abstract.1 Researches results of 5 samples of crude oil have been analyzed and generalized. The relationship between component, structural-group composition and physico-chemical properties have been determined to classify crude oil reliably and rapidly. Compounding and sequence of crude oil mixture forming have been developed to provide the maximum yield of target fractions. These principles are based on combination of simulation method, cluster and statistic analyses. The expediency of the proposed forming method has been confirmed experimentally.
The characteristics of initial crudes of Yablunivske field (Poltava, Ukraine) and the properties of blended crudes have been examined to select the ways of their further processing. The crude oils were found to be heavy high-sulfuric oils without light distillates. The possibility of obtaining paving bitumen from blended crudes under study has been considered. Distilled bitumen obtained through distillation of this blend was found to meet the requirements for commercial paving bitumen 100/150. To improve the durability and resistance to aging of resulting bitumen, a polymeric modifier was added. The modifier amount of 3 wt.% was found to be appropriate to improve the operational characteristics of obtained bitumen to those of BMW 60/90 grade.
In this work the synthesis technology of zinccontaining polymer - inorganic composite on the basis of products of secondary raw material processing at joint precipitating with carbamide and formaldehyde (ZnCFO) is described. The structure and properties of ZnCFO are investigated by the differential-thermal analysis, electronic microscopy, and IR-spectroscopy. The action of ZnCFO as vulcanization active component of elastomeric compositions on the basis of rubbers of general and special purpose with various vulcanization systems is investigated. The ZnCFO influence on the character of the formed morphological structure of rubbers is determined by the method of percalation analysis.
The paper contains the results of experimental study of visbreaking process with the use of organic part of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) as a raw material component. We studied the influence of ARPD amount as the additive to tar on the output fuel fractions and their qualitative parameters. The proposals on modernization of the industrial visbreaking scheme with blended raw material were made. The analysis of economic performance of the modernized process was carried out.
The process of paraffin formation has been considered, including the peculiarities of the paraffin structure as a result of phase transitions with a decreasing temperature. Mathematical models for thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of the "solid-liquid" system phase equilibrium have been developed. To shift the "fuel oil-paraffin" balance towards the liquid, it is necessary to reduce the activity ratio of solid and liquid phases by introducing into the system a substance with a lower solubility parameter. To increase the stability, as well as structural and mechanical characteristics of fuel oil, the additive of plant origin was synthesized. The phase transitions in fuel oil depending on the temperature when adding different amounts of additives have been studied.
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