Optimization of Size of Pixel Blocks for Orthogonal Transform in Optical Watermarking Technique

An asymmetric hybrid watermarking mechanism using hyperchaotic system and random decomposition in 2D Non-separable linear canonical domain

“…Extensive research has also been carried out in optical watermarking area were work has been done in Fourier domain (Sheng et al, 2009), gyrator wavelet domain (Abuturab, 2015), gyrator domain (Li, 2014;Yadav et al, 2015;Liansheng et al, 2017); fractional Fourier transform domain (Guo, Liu and Liucora, 2011;Lang and Zhang, 2014); wavelet domain (Mendlovic and Konforti, 1993;Javidi et al, 2006;Okman and Akar, 2007;Li et al, 2008Li et al, , 2009Hwang, Chan and Cheng, 2014;Mehra and Nishchal, 2015); kinoform transform (Deng,Yang and Xie,804 Pankaj Rakheja et al 2011); using orthogonal transforms: discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Hadamard-Walsh (Ishikawa, Uehira and Yanaka, 2012); in DCT domain (Starchenko, 2011); based on 5-DWT, fast Fourier transform (FFT) & singular value decomposition (SVD) (Mittal, Bisen and Gupta, 2017). Here in all these transforms number of independent variables were limited as gyrator transform and fractional Fourier transform has one independent variable, Fresnel transform has two independent variables whereas there is no independent variable in Fourier transform.…”

Iterative learning control for image feature extraction with multiple-image blends

“…However, in the face of random attacks such as Gaussian noise, the quality of the watermark we extract is poor. In order to improve the stability of the watermarking system, the literature [14,15] proposed JADE blind separation watermarking algorithm. This method used an iterative hybrid method to embed the image and used the hidden image and the carrier image as different signals.…”

Image adaptive DCT- SVD based digital watermarking scheme by human visual characteristics

“…Also, the algorithm attaches only binary watermark images and it became computationally inefficient, since it used vector quantization algorithm for the optimization of adaptive quantization parameters, while indexing the blocks. Many other algorithms (Bhosale et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2012;Coatrieux et al, 2012;Ishikawa et al, 2012;Kandpal et al, 2012;Vargas et al, 2013;Varghese et al, 2014;Walia et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2010;Zareian et al, 2013) also developed in the literature by meeting some requirements of watermarking, but these algorithms also failed in simultaneously meeting other vital requirements of watermarking (Mason et al, 2000) including perceptibility, robustness, orthogonality, protection against attacks etc.…”