An asymmetric hybrid watermarking mechanism using hyperchaotic system and random decomposition in 2D Non-separable linear canonical domain

Abstract

In this paper, an asymmetric hybrid watermarking scheme utilizing four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system with coherent superposition and random decomposition in 2D non-separable linear canonical domain is proposed. The 4D hyperchaotic framework is used for creating permutation keystream for a pixel-swapping mechanism. Its parameters and initial conditions along with the independent parameters of the 2D Non separable linear canonical transform extend the keyspace and consequently strengthen the proposed watermarking scheme. The designed watermarking scheme has an extended key-space to avoid any brute-force attack and is non-linear in nature. The scheme is validated on grayscale images. Computer based simulations have been performed to validate the robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme against different types of attacks. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only offers higher protection against brute force and occlusion attacks but is also invulnerable to special attack.

Multiuser optical image authentication platform based on sparse constraint and polar decomposition in Fresnel domain

“…Information entropy closely approaches 8 for highly uncertain or random images. The CC measures the similarity while the MSE measures the error between plaintext and recovered images, respectively [52][53][54]. The calculated values of the information entropy, CC and MSE for the proposed method are presented in table 1.…”