Optimization of net power density in Reverse Electrodialysis

Ciofalo, Michele; Cerva, Mariagiorgia La; Liberto, Massimiliano Di; Gurreri, Luigi; Cipollina, Andrea; Micale, G.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.183

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies showed that asymmetric channels are optimal for RED applications [31,32]. However, they can be affected by TMP -related issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they can be affected by TMP -related issues. For example, in ref [32] it was shown that for the couple of NaCl solutions 15–500 mol/m 3 fed with parallel flow in a stack 50 cm long, the optimum thickness and fluid velocity are ~400 μm and ~1.4 cm/s for the concentrate and ~217 μm and ~2.6 cm/s for the diluate. The pressure drop predicted by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) correlations is 0.07 bar for the concentrate and 0.46 bar for the diluate, thus giving a maximum TMP located at the inlet equal to ~0.39 bar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Deformation and Its Effects on Flow and Mass Transfer in the Electromembrane Processes

Battaglia

Gurreri

Farulla

et al. 2019

IJMS

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In the membrane processes, a trans-membrane pressure (TMP) may arise due to design features or operating conditions. In most applications, stacks for electrodialysis (ED) or reverse electrodialysis (RED) operate at low TMP (<0.1 bar); however, large stacks with non-parallel flow patterns and/or asymmetric configurations can exhibit higher TMP values, causing membrane deformations and changes in fluid dynamics and transport phenomena. In this work, integrated mechanical and fluid dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the TMP effects on deformation, flow and mass transfer for a profiled membrane-fluid channel system with geometrical and mechanical features and fluid velocities representative of ED/RED conditions. First, a conservatively high value of TMP was assumed, and mechanical simulations were conducted to identify the geometry with the largest pitch to height ratio still able to bear this load without exhibiting a contact between opposite membranes. The selected geometry was then investigated under expansion and compression conditions in a TMP range encompassing most practical applications. Finally, friction and mass transfer coefficients in the deformed channel were predicted by computational fluid dynamics. Significant effects of membrane deformation were observed: friction and mass transfer coefficients increased in the compressed channel, while they decreased (though to a lesser extent) in the expanded channel.

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“…Recent studies showed that asymmetric channels are optimal for RED applications [31,32]. However, they can be affected by TMP -related issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Deformation and Its Effects on Flow and Mass Transfer in the Electromembrane Processes

Battaglia

Gurreri

Farulla

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Section: Performance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the power density produced by RED units is modest, the pumping power consumption cannot be neglected. Therefore, the net power P d,net (and, more specifically, the net power corresponding to the maximum gross power, P d,max,net ) is an important performance parameter [ 149 ]. As a function of the fluid velocity, the net power (both P d,net and P d,max,net ) first exhibits an increasing trend, then reaches a maximum, and finally decreases.…”

Section: Electrodialysis Process Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.

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“…Results are presented in terms of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and suggest that cost competitiveness can be achieved in some of the examined scenarios. A study by Ciofalo et al investigates the boundary conditions that maximise the net power density in Reverse Electrodialysis [61], focusing on the inlet concentrations of concentrate and dilute solutions, the thickness of the channels where the solutions pass and their velocities. A third paper, by Salamanca et al [62], discusses the potential of an osmotic power plant exploiting the controlled mix of two flows with different salinities (river water and seawater) at the Magdalena River mouth in Colombia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%