Optimization of methyl ricinoleate synthesis with ionic liquids as catalysts using the response surface methodology

Xu, Wei; Ge, Xiaodong; Yan, Xiuhua; Shao, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.035

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…MAR, formic acid, and various catalysts were mixed and stirred in a three‐necked round‐bottomed flask . The mixture was heated to a certain temperature and hydrogen peroxide was slowly added dropwise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Epoxidized Methyl Acetoricinoleate Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology

Cheng³

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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Epoxidized methyl acetoricinoleate (EMAR) was generated by epoxidation of methyl acetoricinoleate (MAR) in the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by using ionic liquids as catalysts, and the product was characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The efficiencies of four different catalysts, 1‐methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate salt ([Hmim]HSO4), 1‐methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate salt ([Hnmp]HSO4), phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, were compared. The effects of the formic acid/MAR molar ratio, hydrogen peroxide/MAR molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the epoxy value of EMAR were investigated by single‐factor experiments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Epoxidized Methyl Acetoricinoleate Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology

Cheng³

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…A 3-level-4-factor Box-Behnken design was performed to evaluate the effects of reaction variables on the esterification of RA with methanol. The factors and levels of reaction variables selected were as follows: reaction time (5, 20, 35 min), reaction temperature (50, 65, 80 °C), molar ratio of methanol to RA (3:1, 6.5:1, 10:1), and IL load (1,8,15 %; relative to the weight of RA) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, IL were used as catalysts and RA was used as acyl donor for biodiesel preparation. Compared with those previous reports using castor oil as acyl donor [9,15], biodiesel preparation can be improved by the esterification of RA with methanol using IL as catalyst. The effect of different functional IL on the esterification were compared with the conventional catalysts.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…However, alkaline transesterification reactions of oils have some disadvantages, for examples, the presence of free fatty acids or water in the oils can form soap as well as mono-and di-acylglycerides, which can be an obstacle to the separation of the biodiesel from glycerin and reduce the yield and formation rate of biodiesel [14]. Therefore, in order to avoid these problems, more efficient and green catalysts and methods to prepare biodiesel have attracted much attention [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids (IL), as novel environmental friendly catalysts, due to non-volatile, thermal stability, and easy separation, have been used as green solvents and catalysts in many reactions [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. In this work, IL were used as catalysts and RA was used as acyl donor for biodiesel preparation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Functional Ionic Liquids Catalyzed the Esterification of Ricinoleic Acid with Methanol to Prepare Biodiesel: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Sun

2016

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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RA]. Due to the presence of a hydroxyl group of RA, castor methyl ester has many better properties (for example, a high viscosity and a low viscosity index) than the biodiesel from other vegetable oils, such as, lubricity and high flash point, which make it attractive to be used in alcohol-diesel fuel blends [6,7].In the conventional methods for biodiesel preparation, the transesterification of oils and esterification of free fatty acids with alcohols were often used and catalyzed by basic (NaOCH 3 , KOCH 3 , NaOH, KOH) [8-10] or acid catalysts (H 2 SO 4 or heteropolyacid) [11,12]. Among these catalysts, basic catalysts (NaOH, KOH, NaOCH 3 ) are preferred to acid catalysts because of their high reactivity and fast reaction rates [13]. However, alkaline transesterification reactions of oils have some disadvantages, for examples, the presence of free fatty acids or water in the oils can form soap as well as mono-and di-acylglycerides, which can be an obstacle to the separation of the biodiesel from glycerin and reduce the yield and formation rate of biodiesel [14]. Therefore, in order to avoid these problems, more efficient and green catalysts and methods to prepare biodiesel have attracted much attention [15][16][17][18][19][20].Ionic liquids (IL), as novel environmental friendly catalysts, due to non-volatile, thermal stability, and easy separation, have been used as green solvents and catalysts in many reactions [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. In this work, IL were used as catalysts and RA was used as acyl donor for biodiesel preparation. Compared with those previous reports using castor oil as acyl donor [9,15], biodiesel preparation can be improved by the esterification of RA with methanol using IL as catalyst. The effect of different functional IL on the esterification were compared with the conventional catalysts. And the effects of reaction variables (reaction time, reaction temperature, IL load, and the ratio of reaction Abstract An efficient route to preparing biodiesel by the esterification of ricinoleic acid (RA) with methanol was investigated in the work. Six kinds of functional ionic liquids (IL) were selected as catalysts. The effects of reaction variables (reaction time, temperature, IL load, and the ratio of reaction substrates) were also evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Among IL tested, 1-butylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate showed the highest catalytic efficiency for the esterification. Reaction variables were optimized using RSM as follows: IL load 4 % (relative to the weight of RA), molar ratio of methanol to RA 9.2:1, 67 °C, and 28 min. Under the optimized conditions, the esterification degree of RA was 92.3 ± 1.7 %.

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Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst

Bölük

Sönmez

2020

Chem Eng & Technol

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The combination of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) ionic liquid (IL) and microwave heating was used to esterify oleic acid as a green approach in biodiesel synthesis. To compare the heating systems, conventional heating and the ultrasonic method were employed but the microwave method was found to be more effective. H2SO4 and 1‐methyl imidazole hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4) were also used in the esterification of oleic acid and their catalytic activities were compared to that of [Bmim]HSO4. ILs provided some advantages such as reusability, easy recyclability, and very stable activity. There was only a small decrease in the catalytic activity of [Bmim]HSO4 after four successive applications, which means that ILs can be reused, contrary to homogeneous catalysts. The combination of IL catalysts and microwave irradiation proved to be a potential alternative method for biodiesel production.

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Optimization of methyl ricinoleate synthesis with ionic liquids as catalysts using the response surface methodology

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Optimization of Epoxidized Methyl Acetoricinoleate Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Epoxidized Methyl Acetoricinoleate Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology

Functional Ionic Liquids Catalyzed the Esterification of Ricinoleic Acid with Methanol to Prepare Biodiesel: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst

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