Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst

Bölük, Servet; Sönmez, Özgür

doi:10.1002/ceat.202000045

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In the context of our continuous interest to improve and develop environmentally acceptable synthetic protocols [13,[31][32][33], and by comparing with the previously reported esterification protocols supported by MW irradiation [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to report direct esterification catalyzed by NFSi (easily manipulated, acid-and metal-free, water-and air-tolerant) and supported by MW irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide

et al. 2022

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The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among the investigated N-halo compounds, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSi) has been found as an efficient and selective catalyst in the reaction of direct esterification of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids supported by microwave (MW) irradiation. The comprehensive esterification of different benzoic acids and mono-, di- and tri-carboxy alkyl derivatives was performed, whereby significant reaction time reductions were achieved. The presented method used NFSi as an easily manipulatable, non-metal, water- and air-tolerant catalyst, allowing simple synthetic and isolation procedures and energy saving, compared to conventional methodologies. Importantly, in contrast to esterification under thermal conditions, where N-halo compounds behave as pre-catalysts, in the MW-supported protocol, a distinct reaction mechanism has been proposed that assumes NFSi as a sustainable catalyst. Moreover, a scale-up of the industrially important derivative was performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide

et al. 2022

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“…Irradiation can be conducted continuously or pulsed 129, 130 and applied to different feedstocks. The limitations of this process are caused mainly by the catalyst 129, 130, 132–134. Additional drawbacks include selective heating, overheating of polar solvents, the generation of hotspots around solid catalysts, and the limitations of reagent diffusion 88–93.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biodiesel Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes

et al. 2023

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Biodiesel is produced on a large scale as an ecofriendly substitute and additive to fossil fuels. Catalytic homogeneous processes using strong acids, alkalis, and natural oils have been realized in industry. However, these traditional methods have several disadvantages, such as the generation of large volumes of waste, high water and reagent needs, use of hazardous reagents, high operation costs, and utilization of valuable feedstocks and catalysis, respec-tively. Different solutions have subsequently been investigated, such as cheap alternative feedstocks, co-solvents and catalysts, sustainable operational conditions, advanced reactor designs and scales, and advantageous pre-and post-reaction treatments. This review explores and analyzes the main aspects of current biodiesel technologies and opportunities. It also describes some advanced improvement strategies.

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“…Bölük and Sönmez selected a combination of IL catalysts and used the microwave method as a process to accelerate the esterification of oleic acid which can be used in biodiesel production. The reaction reached equilibrium in 30 min, the methyl oleate yield was 85.7% and the conversion 94.1% [ 38 ]. Yan et al [ 39 ] produced biodiesel by acidic IL catalyzed esterification of oleic acid with methanol under a combination of MW and ultrasonic irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of New Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Esterification of Fatty Acids with Bioethanol

Nguyen Thi,

Koutecká,

Kaule

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this study, three types of sulfonic acid group functionalized ionic liquids (SAILs) with a different number of catalytic groups and lipophilicity were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and MS analyses. Their catalytic activities were studied in a model esterification of oleic acid with ethanol; heating in a microwave reactor was also used. The experimental results indicated that SAIL, with the lipophilic alkyl chain, performed the best due to its increased solubility in the reaction mixture. Microwave heating was found to be more effective than conventional heating. Recycling experiments show that these novel SAILs can be reused without significant loss of the catalytic activity.

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Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide

Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide

Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes

Design and Synthesis of New Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Esterification of Fatty Acids with Bioethanol

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