“…The accuracy of these models is resolution-and granularity-dependent and the memory use is huge. Voxel-based evaluated models (Chandru et al 1995, Bhashyam et al 2000, Chen and Tucker 2000, Todd 2000, Park et al 2001, Cho and Ha 2002, Zhang 2004) represent heterogeneous objects as a collection of voxels, with each voxel having specific material distribution data. Unevaluated models generally do not involve intensive spatial decompositions/ subdivisions or discretisations and, theoretically, can provide sufficient fidelity in geometries and material distributions (Liu 2000, Huang et al 2002, Siu and Tan 2002, Biswas et al 2004, Cho and Shin 2004, Liu et al 2004, Zhu 2004, Kou and Tan 2005, Samanta and Koc 2005.…”