Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Activities, and Anthocyanin of Oregano, Thyme, Terebinth, and Pomegranate

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic extracts and antioxidant activity and anthocyanins of varieties of the investigated plants. These plants include oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate. The optimum extraction conditions including temperature and solvent of the extraction process itself were investigated. Total phenolic and anthocyanin extracts were examined according to Folin-Ciocalteu assay and Rabino and Mancinelli method, respectively. The effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on extracts of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were studied. Plant samples were evaluated for their antioxidant chemical activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl assay, to determine their potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Results showed that all tested plants exhibited appreciable amounts of phenolic compounds. The methanolic extract (60 °C) of sour pomegranate peel contained the highest phenolic extract (4952.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Terebinth green seed had the lowest phenolic extract (599.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Anthocyanins ranged between 3.5 (terebinth red seed) and 0.2 mg/100 g of dry material (thyme). Significant effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on total phenolics and anthocyanin extracts were found. The methanol and 60 °C of extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting phenolic compounds. The distilled water and 60 °C extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting anthocyanin.

Evaluation of Lens Aldose Reductase Inhibitory and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Fractions of Lonchocarpus cyanescens: Potential for Cataract Remediation

“…41 Reports in the literature indicates that the most widely used solvents for extracting phenolic compounds are water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and their water mixtures. [42][43][44] Thepresent study is in agreement with these reports. When the yields of the fractions were compared, result from the present study indicates that the yield of the aqueous fraction was the highest followed by methanol, ethylacetate, chloroform and hexane in that order.…”

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity of anthocyanins from purple basil leaves induced by selected abiotic elicitors

“…Apart from berries, which are the richest source of anthocyanins (Moyer, Hummer, Finn, Frei, & Wrolstad, 2002;Vareed, Reddy, Schutzki, & Nair, 2006), leafy vegetables and herbs could also be source of these compounds in foods. For example, the amount of anthocyanin ranged between 0.0332 and 0.06941 mg g À1 FW of red lettuce (Boo, Heo, Gorinstein, & Chon, 2011), 10-19 mg g À1 FW of red cabbage (Piccaglia, Marotti, & Baldoni, 2002), 0.005 mg g À1 DW of oregano, 0.002 mg g À1 DW of thyme and 0.035 mg g À1 DW of red terebinth (Rababah, Banat, Rababah, Ereifej, & Yang, 2010).…”

A Prompt, Tough and Eco-Friendly (PTOCO) System for Mini-Scale Extraction of Samples for Antioxidant Capacity Assays

“…6 Normally, simple extractions with solvents under magnetic stirring, that take into account the principle of interaction through polarity between solvent and sample, are widely employed. However, such method does not allow a rigorous control of extraction conditions and, despite of statistical design applications, the system does not show satisfactory reproducibility conditions, leading to results with significant standard deviations, as the ones published by Rababah et al 7 Methods with magnetic stirring usually are not fast, and depending on how much time sample and solvent are in contact with each other, the analytes can react between themselves, generating other compounds, which are undesirable for a specific compound quantification. Besides, the conventional methods for antioxidant compounds extraction have serious problems, such as: low yields, steps that demand great amounts of time and solvents of acute toxicity.…”