Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Oleoyl-Diethanolamide in Solvent-Free System

The present study deals with the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid (OA) using hydrogen peroxide and tungstic acid as a catalyst to produce azelaic acid. A two-step method has been expanded for the optimization of a new route of azelaic acid synthesis with the addition of sodium hypochlorite as the co-oxidation. The Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were performed to optimize the production of azelaic acid. The interaction effect among catalyst concentration, substrate molar ratio and temperature were done for optimization the conversion of oleic acid. Maximum oleic acid conversion of 99.11% was reached at substrate molar ratio of 4/1 (H 2 O 2 /OA), a catalyst concentration of 1.5% (w/wOA) and temperature of 70 o C. The GC analysis shows that the yield of azelaic acid is 44.54% and pelargonic acid is 34.12%. These results indicate that the proposed process show a good strategy for the synthesis of azelaic acid from oxidative cleavage of oleic acid.

Section: Interaction Effect and Optimization Processsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The reliability analysis of the regression equation shows that the experimental data of the model is reliable to explain and to explain the model 16,22 . The value of R 2 of 89.95% indicates that the specified variable in the model does not give the maximum effect because 10.05% is represented by other variables.…”

Section: Model Fitting With Rsmmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization of A Two-Step Method to Synthesize Azelaic Acid from Oleic Acid

Masyithah

Ginting

2018

“…Water can easily be separated by solving the product with acetone. In case of amide produced by reacting fatty acid methyl ester and amine, methanol as the by product has to be separated by evaporating methanol and the process is carried out at vacuum 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolases; EC 3.1.1.3) is extensively used due to their regio-, stereo-, substrate-specificities milder reaction conditions and relatively lower energy requirement 2,4 . Lipase-catalyzed reactions have been carried out in suitable organic solvents or under solvent-free conditions at hydrolysis reaction 6 , esterification 7,8,9 and amidification 3,5,10 . Most of the work on lipasecatalyzed amidification reported in the literature is based on the reactions using fatty ester substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization Method for The Synthesis of Fatty Amide Surfactants from Oleic Acid Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase

Masyithah¹

2016

Self Cite

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is successfully used to obtain the optimum conversion of oleic acid on the synthesis of fatty amide surfactants from oleic acid and diethanolamine by immobilized lipase. The central composite design is adopted to determine the optimum level of three study variables, i.e. enzyme amount, substrate molar ratio, and temperature. The model resulted in this study is suitable to represent the interaction among three variables and also their interaction to the conversion of oleic acid. The influence of substrate molar ratio is more significant among others. The prediction of the statistical model shows that the maximum conversion of oleic acid would be 78.01% at the optimal condition of 5-9% (wt/wt OA) enzyme amount, 1/1 to 3/1 molar ratio of diethanolamine to oleic acid and 60-65 o C temperature. The coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.9897) shows a high correlation between predicted and experimental values.

Parametric Study in Production of Virgin Coconut Oil by Fermentation Method

Masyithah¹

2017

Self Cite

Fermentation by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential method to produce the Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). A parametric study using Box-behnken design was used to evaluate interaction effect of stirring speed, inoculum concentration and fermentation time on the percentage of oil recovery. The results indicated that fermentation time is most significantly affecting the rate of oil recovery. The surface and contour plots show that the oil recovery is gained up to 88.607% for stirring speed of 175-250 rpm, inoculum concentration of 0.2-0.3% (w/v), and fermentation time of 16-24 hours. GC analysis results indicate that the high lauric acid content of 53.0249%, is obtained when stirring speed of 200 rpm, inoculum concentration of 0.3% (w/v) and fermentation time of 24 hours. A parametric study has been successfully implemented in the production of VCO using fermentation method with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 97.57%.