Optimization of A Two-Step Method to Synthesize Azelaic Acid from Oleic Acid

Abstract

The present study deals with the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid (OA) using hydrogen peroxide and tungstic acid as a catalyst to produce azelaic acid. A two-step method has been expanded for the optimization of a new route of azelaic acid synthesis with the addition of sodium hypochlorite as the co-oxidation. The Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were performed to optimize the production of azelaic acid. The interaction effect among catalyst concentration, substrate molar ratio and temperature were done for optimization the conversion of oleic acid. Maximum oleic acid conversion of 99.11% was reached at substrate molar ratio of 4/1 (H 2 O 2 /OA), a catalyst concentration of 1.5% (w/wOA) and temperature of 70 o C. The GC analysis shows that the yield of azelaic acid is 44.54% and pelargonic acid is 34.12%. These results indicate that the proposed process show a good strategy for the synthesis of azelaic acid from oxidative cleavage of oleic acid.

Optimization of Alkyl-Diethanolamide Synthesis From Fatty Acid Methyl Ester of Coconut Oil Using Box-Behnken Design

“…RSM is useful for modeling and analyzing problems, where the observed response is influenced by several variables and also aims to optimize the response. [21][22] A software package of Minitab version 17 was used in this study.…”

“…The selection of variables range needs to be extremely precise in studies of RSM. [22][23] Results of the experimental design performed to achieve higher conversion are shown in The mutual interaction between stirring speed and catalyst concentration can be interpreted from the response contour plot diagram (Fig. -4), which indicated that that alkyl-diethanolamide production is related to both stirring speed and catalyst concentration.…”

Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Coco Ethanolamide Production from Coconut Oil

“…And at a temperature of 90 0 C and a catalyst concentration of 7%, 89.83% conversion was obtained. Because of the difficulty of determining an optimum value that will produce the maximum conversion, it is necessary to continue optimizing this process condition using the Response Surface Methodology 19,20 .…”

Spongy titanosilicate promotes the catalytic performance and reusability of WO3 in oxidative cleavage of methyl oleate

“…[6][7][8][9] However, the toxicity and potential harm to humans limit their application. Some researchers turned to use hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an oxidant for this reaction [10][11][12] as H 2 O 2 is environmentally benign and produces water as the only by-product. Some transition metal containing catalysts, [13][14][15][16] such as H 2 WO 4 @Al-MCM-41, 12 BaFeO 3Àd , 17,18 Ru(OH) x /g-Al 2 O 3 19 and VO@TiO 2 20 have been proved efficient in catalyzing this reaction with H 2 O 2 as oxidant.…”