Optimization of Culture Conditions of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. Adventitious Roots in Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor Using Aeration Rate and Initial Inoculum Density

Abstract

Optimization of culture conditions of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. adventitious roots in the balloon type bubble bioreactor have been done in order to increase its production of adventitious roots and saponin content. Culture conditions were used in this research were combination of aeration rate (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 vvm) and initial inoculum density (0.5, 1, 2 g/400 mL). Bioreactor with a volume of 1000 mL was filled with 400 mL of liquid MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mg LG 1 were then given sterile air through a microfilter (0.2 µm) with different air flow rates. Into each bioreactor were added of different inoculum density of adventitious roots that had previously been induced from leaf explants of T. paniculatum on solid MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mg LG 1 . Cultures were maintained for 14 days and sampling was done for every two days to determine the sugar content, conductivity and pH of the medium. The results showed that the combination of aeration rate of 0.5 vvm and inoculum density of 1 g/400 mL was the best treatment that can increase biomass of adventitious roots, whereas the combination of aeration rate of 0.75 vvm and inoculum density of 2 g/400 mL was the best treatment that can be increased of saponin content.

Effect of Carbon Source Variations on Growth, Physiological Stress, and Saponin Levels of <i>Talinum paniculatum</i> Gaertn. Adventitious Roots

“…The saponin was determined by the green color. When spraying with a stain viewer, if a dark green (Manuhara et al 2015), purple or red-purple color appears (Marliana et al 2005) then the extract contains saponins.…”

“…Getting the root in the form of bulbs takes approximately two to three years, so efforts are needed to obtain bioactive compounds of java ginseng root through in vitro culture techniques. Enhancement of saponin accumulation in adventitious roots culture of java ginseng have been done in various treatment, for instance by elicitation (Faizal et al 2019), sucrose and potassium nitrate treatment (Manuhara et al 2015), but the production of saponin compounds that influenced by the carbon source (sugar) not done yet. However, plant cells and culture media do not have autotrophic capabilities.…”

Mass Production of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Root Cultures in Indonesia

“…In large-scale production of root cultures, several important factors can affect biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds, namely the root's genetic factors (Khan et al, 2015), growth media, other physical factors like incubation temperature (Wang et al, 2019), and inoculum weight (inoculum density) (Manuhara et al, 2015;Than et al, 2004). Because of differences in climatic and topographic conditions between Indonesia and South Korea and increasing biomass and ginsenoside accumulation, it is necessary to re-optimize several production procedures, including inoculum weight, media volume, media composition, and incubation temperature.…”

Enhancement of saponin accumulation in adventitious root culture of Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) through methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation

“…Talinum paniculatum (family Talinaceae, is a succulent plant that grows up to 100-120 cm tall and characterized by a large and many-flowered terminal panicle with pink color. In Indonesia, this plant is also called Javanese ginseng as it has swelling roots similar to Panax ginseng root and its extract is used as a traditional medicine for multiple diseases (Manuhara et al, 2015). Investigation of root extract from Javanese ginseng resulted in the identification of triterpenoid saponin mixtures.…”

“…In the natural habitat, the root of Javanese ginseng has a slow growth rate. Generally, it takes about 2-3 years to get more than 100 g of root per plant (Manuhara et al, 2015). Therefore, in vitro root culture is essential for preservation of this plant, especially to support sustainable saponin production.…”