Optimization of cultivation conditions of Salvia viridis L. shoots in the Plantform bioreactor to increase polyphenol production

Abstract

Salvia viridis is a rich source of pharmacologically-important polyphenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aim of the present study was to optimise the large-scale cultivation of sage shoots in the Plantform bioreactor. It evaluated the effect of culture duration (two or three weeks), the use of a semi-continuous system and the immersion frequency in a liquid medium (every 80 or 170 min) on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The content of bioactive phenolic acids and phenylethanoids in the obtained material was determined using HPLC. The most efficient growth parameters, expressed as fresh (26.99 g) and dry weight (3.51 g) as well as proliferation ratio (18.6), were observed for shoots grown in a fed-batch system, immersed every 80 min; this approach yielded a 33-fold biomass increase within four weeks. However, the most efficient production of bioactive compounds was achieved for shoots grown for three weeks in a batch system, immersed every 80 min: total phenolic acid, total phenylethanoid and total phenol contents of 18.3, 11.4 and 29.7 mg/g DW. In these conditions, within three weeks, total phenolic acid level was almost 10 times higher than that found in the aerial parts of four-month-old soil-grown plants with a similar phenylethanoid level. Hence, the described S. viridis shoot culture cultivated in the Plantform bioreactor may be an alternative efficient source of plant material rich in valuable compounds.

Distinction of chia varieties in vivo and in vitro based on the flow cytometry and rosmarinic acid production

“…This research has confirmed that the use of elicitors in the appropriate concentration can significantly contribute to increase rosmarinic acid production. The positive effect of elicitors on the production of secondary metabolites was also confirmed by other studies conducted on in vitro cultures of various species of Salvia (Attaran Dowom et al 2022 ; Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al 2022 ; Radomir et al 2023 ; Rostami et al 2022 ; Shoja et al 2022 ; Szymczyk et al 2021 ). The stimulation of rosmarinic acid production and accumulation by elicitors such as YeE has also been observed in the cell cultures of other plant species, including Orthosiphon aristatus (Mizukami et al 1992 ), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Sumaryono et al 1991 ; Mizukami et al 1993 ), Coleus blumei (Szabo et al 1999 ), Zingiber officinale callus cultures (Ali et al 2018 ), and Polygonum multiflorum beard root cultures (Ho et al 2018 ).…”

Temporary Immersion System for Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants

“…An immersion frequency with 15 min/12 h increased the content of total intracellular alkaloid by 58% and 54% as compared to 15 min/6 h and 15 min/24 h, respectively [131]. The immersion of 10 min/80 min was effective to optimize the accumulation of total phenolic acid, total phenylethanoid, and total phenol contents in shoots of Salvia viridis [134].…”

“…Superior results were obtained in Salvia viridis using PlantForm as TIS bioreactor in comparison to in vivo plants. Indeed, after three culture weeks, the total phenolic acids level was almost 10 times higher than in four-month-old plants growing in the soil [134]. Zeltnera beyrichii plants grown in a RITA bioreactor contained moderate levels of total phenolics [138].…”

Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications

“…As examples of recent studies using bioreactors, the followings can be given: phenolic acids, flavonoids and dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis ( Szopa et al., 2018 ; Szopa et al., 2019 ); verbascoside, baicalin, wogonoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside in Scutellaria alpine ( Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al., 2017 ); flavonoids in Gynura procumbens ( Pramita et al., 2018 ); isoflavonoids in Pueraria tuberosa ( Kanthaliya et al., 2019 ); essential oils, p-cymene, geranyl acetate, δ-cadinene, shyobuone, methyl everninate, alloaromadendrene, ledene oxide (II) in Ledum palustre ( Jesionek et al., 2018 ); phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside,isoverbascoside) and aucubin in Castilleja tenuiflora ( Cortes-Morales et al., 2018 ); thapsigargin in Thapsia garganica ( Lopez et al., 2018 ); rosmarinic acid and phenolics in Salvia nemorosa ( Heydari et al., 2020 ); flavonoids (Quercetin, Kaempferide, Epicatechin gallate, quercetin-3-o-glucose, Kaempferol-3-rutinoside) in Orostachys cartilaginous ( Hao et al., 2020 ); antifungal saponins SC-2 and SC-3 in Solanum chrysotrichum ( Salazar-Magallón and Huerta de la Peña, 2020 ); six phenolic acids [rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate cafeic acid hexoside, cafeic acid, salvianolic acid F (I) and salvianolic acid F (II)] and four phenylethanoids (verbascoside, leucosceptoside, isoverbascoside and martynoside) in Salvia viridis ( Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al., 2022 ); and some phenolic acids, flavonoids (diosmin, catechin, rutin, and myricetin), a stilbenoid (resver- atrol) and phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside and echinacoside) in Scrophularia striata ( Ahmadi-Sakha et al., 2022 ).…”