“…Reason for the reduction in strength value at 2 and 2.5 wt% UMBF in composite mix can be linked to reduced interfacial bonding at that wt% owing to the large volume proportion of fiber and possible fiber disorientation during loading. Flexural strength showcased in 80 – 83 showed that sisal, basalt, pineapple leaf, and coir fibers, improve flexural strength in cement composites similar to the performance of banana fiber accounted for in the present investigation. Figure 7 Relation between fiber proportion of unmodified and modified fiber on flexural strength at curing days of ( a ) 28 days and ( b ) 56 days with ( c ) experimental trend analysis and ( d ) property evaluation of experimental variables.…”
In a bid to develop paper bricks as alternative masonry units, unmodified banana fibers (UMBF) and alkaline (1 Molar aqueous sodium hydroxide) modified banana fibers (AMBF), fine sand, and ordinary Portland cement were blended with waste paper pulp. The fibers were introduced in varying proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 wt% (by weight of the pulp) and curing was done for 28 and 56 days. Properties such as water and moisture absorption, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity were appraised. The outcome of the examinations carried out revealed that water absorption rose with fiber loading while AMBF reinforced samples absorbed lesser water volume than UMBF reinforced samples; a feat occasioned by alkaline treatment of banana fiber. Moisture absorption increased with paper bricks doped with UMBF, while in the case of AMBF-paper bricks, property value was noted to depreciate with increment in AMBF proportion. Fiber loading resulted in improvement of compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths and it was noted that AMBF reinforced samples performed better. The result of the thermal test showed that incorporation of UMBF led to depreciation in thermal conductivity while AMBF infusion in the bricks initiated increment in value. Opposite behaviour was observed for specific heat capacity as UMBF enhanced heat capacity while AMBF led to depreciation. Experimental trend analysis carried out indicates that curing length and alkaline modification of fiber were effective in maximizing the properties of paperbricks for masonry construction.
“…Reason for the reduction in strength value at 2 and 2.5 wt% UMBF in composite mix can be linked to reduced interfacial bonding at that wt% owing to the large volume proportion of fiber and possible fiber disorientation during loading. Flexural strength showcased in 80 – 83 showed that sisal, basalt, pineapple leaf, and coir fibers, improve flexural strength in cement composites similar to the performance of banana fiber accounted for in the present investigation. Figure 7 Relation between fiber proportion of unmodified and modified fiber on flexural strength at curing days of ( a ) 28 days and ( b ) 56 days with ( c ) experimental trend analysis and ( d ) property evaluation of experimental variables.…”
In a bid to develop paper bricks as alternative masonry units, unmodified banana fibers (UMBF) and alkaline (1 Molar aqueous sodium hydroxide) modified banana fibers (AMBF), fine sand, and ordinary Portland cement were blended with waste paper pulp. The fibers were introduced in varying proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 wt% (by weight of the pulp) and curing was done for 28 and 56 days. Properties such as water and moisture absorption, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity were appraised. The outcome of the examinations carried out revealed that water absorption rose with fiber loading while AMBF reinforced samples absorbed lesser water volume than UMBF reinforced samples; a feat occasioned by alkaline treatment of banana fiber. Moisture absorption increased with paper bricks doped with UMBF, while in the case of AMBF-paper bricks, property value was noted to depreciate with increment in AMBF proportion. Fiber loading resulted in improvement of compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths and it was noted that AMBF reinforced samples performed better. The result of the thermal test showed that incorporation of UMBF led to depreciation in thermal conductivity while AMBF infusion in the bricks initiated increment in value. Opposite behaviour was observed for specific heat capacity as UMBF enhanced heat capacity while AMBF led to depreciation. Experimental trend analysis carried out indicates that curing length and alkaline modification of fiber were effective in maximizing the properties of paperbricks for masonry construction.
“…To address this issue, research works have been focused on reinforcing geopolymers with synthetic and natural fibers in order to increase their ductility and resistance to tensile stresses. The incorporation of natural fibers in geopolymers gives a feasible solution to counter its initial brittle behavior [ 100 ]. Fiber can be defined as a hair-like material that is either a continuous filament or discrete elongated piece similar to thread.…”
Section: Geopolymers and Natural Fiber-reinforced Compositesmentioning
This paper discusses the influence of fiber reinforcement on the properties of geopolymer concrete composites, based on fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and metakaolin. Traditional concrete composites are brittle in nature due to low tensile strength. The inclusion of fibrous material alters brittle behavior of concrete along with a significant improvement in mechanical properties i.e., toughness, strain and flexural strength. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is mainly used as a binding agent in concrete composites. However, current environmental awareness promotes the use of alternative binders i.e., geopolymers, to replace OPC because in OPC production, significant quantity of CO2 is released that creates environmental pollution. Geopolymer concrete composites have been characterized using a wide range of analytical tools including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental detection X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Insight into the physicochemical behavior of geopolymers, their constituents and reinforcement with natural polymeric fibers for the making of concrete composites has been gained. Focus has been given to the use of sisal, jute, basalt and glass fibers.
“…The surface morphology of the jute was investigated by SEM, and the results are presented in Figure 3. Each jute fiber is composed of several fibrils held together by a natural resin material called lignin (Silva et al, 2020b). The jute fibers are arranged as wrapped bundles of 1 mm diameter (Figure 3).…”
This study describes the properties of geopolymer composites reinforced with bidirectional jute fibers. Their flexural strength is 12 MPa, four times higher than the strength of non-reinforced reference geopolymers. The bidirectional jute-reinforced geopolymer composite (JGC) is characterized by ductility and high elongation as well as strain hardening with a modulus of 66 MPa. It is found that the introduction of bidirectional jute fibers in the geopolymer matrix increases the adsorption capacity of Cr ions from 2.7 to 6.4 mg/g (pH = 5). The JGC can be recycled by grinding the material, and then using both the geopolymer material and the jute micro-fibers as filler and reinforcement for a new geopolymer matrix. The micro-fiber jute-reinforced composite obtained showed noteworthy mechanical properties, with strength three times higher than that of the reference material, when 2.5 wt% filler was added. Moreover, the ductility of the composite can be substantially enhanced by increasing (up to 10 wt%) the proportion of recycled jute-based geopolymer filler. These composites are therefore proposed as candidate materials for applications in the context of a circular economy.
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