Optimisation of glutathione conjugation to liposomes quantified with a validated HPLC assay

Reginald-Opara, Joy N.; Svirskis, Darren; O’Carroll, Simon J.; Sreebhavan, Sreevalsan; Dean, Justin M.; Wu, Zimei

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118451

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Whereas DOX uptake in a leaky experimental brain tumor was increased, the uptake of DOX across the intact BBB was negligible [881]. Pegylated liposomes were conjugated with the tripeptide, glutathione (GSH), on the assumption that a GSH transporter is expressed at the BBB [882]. However, as discussed in Section 8.2.1, GSH does not cross the BBB [677], and a GSH transporter at the BBB has not been identified [678].…”

Section: Carrier-mediated Transport Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

Pardridge

2022

Pharmaceutics

106

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The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood–brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s–1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.

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Section: Carrier-mediated Transport Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

Pardridge

2022

Pharmaceutics

106

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“…GSH-PEG-L and GSH-PEG-pSL with 4% GSH density were prepared by a direct GSH conjugation of preformed liposomes as described previously [ 40 ]. Briefly, liposomes containing DSPC:DOPE:CHEMS:cholesterol:mPEG-DPPE2000/DSPE-PEG2000 maleimide at molar ratios of 2:4:2:2:0.1:0.4 (for GSH-PEG-pSL) or DPPC/cholesterol/mPEG-DPPE2000/DSPE-PEG2000 maleimide at 6:4:0.1:0.4 (for GSH-PEG-L) were prepared with thin-film hydration extrusion method before conjugation with free GSH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology, and zeta potential of liposomes in milli-Q water were characterised [ 40 ]. The particle number of liposomes (particles/ml) was measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) using a NanoSight NS300 and the NTA software 3.0 (Malvern Panalytical, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of extracellular vesicles in the transcytosis of nanoliposomes through brain endothelial cells, and the impact of liposomal pH-sensitivity

Reginald-Opara

Svirskis

Paek

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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“…Determination of GSH is challenging because of the following reasons: (i) GSH can be easily autoxidized to GSSG, which results in a lower GSH/GSSG ratio and the lack of good UV/Vis chromophore or native [17]. The number of publications for determination of GSH by different methods have been reported which include HPLC, Electrochemical methods, Capillary electrophoresis, Spectroscopic probes and sensors [14,[18][19][20][21]. But no methods have been reported for simultaneous determination of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in pharmaceutical formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione in Bulk Pharmaceutical Formulation

Singh¹,

MJ²,

Anchliya³

2021

AustinJAnalPharmChem

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The objective of this study was the development, optimization, and validation of a RP-HPLC method for the quantification of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in pharmaceutical formulations The separation utilized a C18 column at room temperature with absorption wavelength 210nm. The mobile phase was an isocratic flow of a 95:5 (v/v) mixture of 25mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.7) and methanol with flow rate at 1.0 mL/min. Validation of the method assessed with the methods ability in seven categories: linearity, range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The method show an acceptable degree of linearity with r²=0.9994 and 0.999 over a concentration range of 10-200 μg/mL for GSH and GSSG respectively. The detection limit and quantification limit for GSH 20.7μg/mL and 69.24μg/mL and for GSSG 17.22μg/mL and 57.42μg/mL respectively. The percent recovery of the method was 99.98-100.93 %. Following validation, the method was employed in the determination of glutathione in pharmaceutical formulations in the form of a liposome. The proposed method offers a simple, accurate, and inexpensive way to quantify reduced glutathione.

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Optimisation of glutathione conjugation to liposomes quantified with a validated HPLC assay

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

The involvement of extracellular vesicles in the transcytosis of nanoliposomes through brain endothelial cells, and the impact of liposomal pH-sensitivity

Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione in Bulk Pharmaceutical Formulation

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