Optimisation and Modelling of Pb(II) and Cu(II) Biosorption onto Red Algae (Gracilaria changii) by Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The removal of Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions by using marine red macroalgae (Gracilaria changii) as a biosorbent material was evaluated through the batch equilibrium technique. The effect of solution pH on the removal of metal ions was investigated within the range of 2–7. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique involving central composite design (CCD) was utilised to optimise the three main sorption parameters, namely initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and biosorbent dosage, to achieve maximum ion removal. The models’ adequacy of response was verified by ANOVA. The optimum conditions for removal of Pb (II) and Cu (II) were as follows: pH values of 4.5 and 5, initial concentrations of 40 mg/L, contact times of 115 and 45 min, and biosorbent dosage of 1 g/L, at which the maximum removal percentages were 96.3% and 44.77%, respectively. The results of the adsorption isotherm study showed that the data fitted well with the Langmuir’s model for Pb (II) and Cu (II). The results of the adsorption kinetic study showed that the data fitted well with the pseudo-second order model for Pb (II) and Cu (II). In conclusion, red alga biomass exhibits great potential as an efficient low-cost sorbent for removal of metal ions.

Chitosan Nanocarrier Entrapping Hydrophilic Drugs as Advanced Polymeric System for Dual Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Application: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Box-Behnken Design

“…The selected model was also evaluated for the lack of fit test, and the insignificance of such value relative to pure error indicated the existence of a significant correlation between the chosen independent variables and their responses [ 39 ]. The reproducibility of a model is determined through coefficient of variance percent (CV%), which is a percent ratio of the standard error to the mean value of a response, thus a model with a CV% of <10% indicated reproducibility [ 40 ].…”

Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye

“…Biochar is an effective, affordable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent material for dye removal from wastewater [20]. Adsorption onto biochar-based adsorbents derived from seaweed and algae, such as Gracilaria corticate [21], Asparagopsis armata [22], Pterocladia capillacea [23], Ascophyllum nodosum [22], and Gracilaria changii [24], has also shown positive outcomes for dye removals [25].…”

“…Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is abundant in countries in Asia, Africa, and Oceania [24], and has shown potential as a base material for biochar. In comparison to land crops, seaweed grows rapidly, with a high carbon dioxide fixation rate.…”

Root- Nodulating Ensifer Adhaerens Ks23 of Pisum Sativum L. In Optimisation of Cadmium Biosorption Using Rsm Based Approach

“…The 3D surface plots are graphical diagrams of regression equations showing two factors, while all other factors maintained at xed levels (Hadiani et al, 2018). In fact, one of the important parameters that affected the adsorption of soluble metal ions by various biosorbants is the pH of the biosorption medium (Farhan and Khadom, 2018;Isam et al, 2019). The pH changes had an effect on the competition of binding sites and the activity of functional groups on the microbial cell wall (Javed et al, 2019).…”