Optically transparent solid electrodes for precision Penning traps

Abstract

We have conceived, built, and operated a cryogenic Penning trap with an electrically conducting yet optically transparent solid electrode. The trap, dedicated to spectroscopy and imaging of confined particles under large solid angles is of 'half-open' design with one open endcap and one closed endcap that mainly consists of a glass window coated with a highly transparent conductive layer. This arrangement allows for trapping of externally or internally produced particles, yields flexible access for optical excitation and efficient light collection from the trapping region. At the same time, it is electrically closed and ensures long-term ion confinement under well-defined conditions. With its superior surface quality and its high as well as homogeneous optical transmission, the window electrode is an excellent replacement for partially transmissive electrodes that use holes, slits, metallic meshes and the like.

Electron Magnetic Moment in Highly Charged Ions: The ARTEMIS Experiment

“…[] It is a variation of a closed cylindrical Penning trap, with one closed endcap replaced by open cylindrical electrodes to allow injection and ejection of particles, and the other endcap being electrically closed while optically transparent, which in the present case is realized by a window with a conductive coating of indium tin oxide (ITO) . This special electrode arrangement has the confinement region in close proximity to the optically open endcap, and thus features a largely enhanced solid angle of detection as compared to the standard open‐endcap design . Tests have shown that highly charged ions can be confined for periods of days in this trap under well‐defined conditions.…”

“…In highly charged ions, such electron magnetic moment measurements are possible in two complementary ways, either by the continuous Stern–Gerlach effect applied to ions with zero‐spin nuclei, in full similarity to the measurements, or by making use of the fact that in highly charged ions above a certain value of Z , the hyperfine structure of a few‐electron ion becomes accessible for laser spectroscopy . Here, we discuss this latter approach by the ARTEMIS experiment with highly charged ions in a cryogenic Penning trap that is optimized for optical spectroscopy under large solid angles . This experiment is located at the HITRAP facility at GSI, Germany.…”

2D Linear Trap Array for Quantum Information Processing

“…ITO remains conductive and optically transparent at cryogenic temperatures. [89] Second, an additional pair of linear dummy traps is added at either side of the array. The 10 central linear traps used for the quantum register are thereby increased to 14 linear traps.…”

The physics and applications of strongly coupled plasmas levitated in electrodynamic traps

“…By employing of a non-neutral plasma method, a linear trapping model that accounts for large ion clouds has been demonstrated which will become the core of an atomic clock [273]. A novel cryogenic Penning trap geometry, intended to perform high resolution spectroscopy and experiments and enhanced resolution imaging of levitated particles is described in [274].…”